The snowy road is frozen, so please pay attention to safety when traveling.

On February 3, 2024, the first heavy snow fell in Wuhan. Due to the cold weather, many roads are frozen and trees are frozen. The reporter saw in the vicinity of Machi Road, gold and silver lake Street, Dongxihu that some branches were bent and prostrated, and garden workers were cleaning up the fallen trees. Relevant departments are taking measures to actively deal with freezing rain and snow. Our reporter warmly reminds readers that in rainy and snowy weather, pay attention to icy roads and slippery roads.
(Changjiang Daily reporter Jin Zhenqiang photo report)
[Editor: sugar man]
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Boom! Bang! God!

The fireworks set off in the Bird’s Nest the other night must have surprised you in front of the screen. What, you didn’t see it? Don’t panic! This will take you back to the fireworks you missed.
1. The origin and history of fireworks
Fireworks, also known as fireworks, fireworks, firecrackers, fireworks and so on, originated from gunpowder, one of the four great inventions in ancient China. The exact time when fireworks were produced is not available, but Emperor Yangdi of Sui Dynasty wrote a poem "Lights shine on trees, and seven flowers bloom" ("Poem on Building Lights in the thoroughfare on the 15th day of the first month and Rising to the South Tower at night"), which tells the scene of setting off fireworks (that is, fireworks) during the Lantern Festival. This shows that at least in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was a rudiment of fireworks used to celebrate festivals and entertain people.
The "shelf fireworks" or "bonsai fireworks" in the Song Dynasty have reached a considerable scale. Xin Qiji, the representative of the unrestrained poet, once wrote the words "Thousands of trees bloom in the east wind night, and the stars are like rain" ("Jade Case, Yuanxi"), which is a vivid and vivid description of it.
During the Yuan and next years, many poets and writers have written accounts of firecrackers and fireworks. For example, Zhao Meng’s poem "Giving Fireworks" in the Yuan Dynasty "is as brilliant as stars and as loud as fire." It describes the lively scene of setting off fireworks on the fifteenth day of the first month, comparing fireworks to meteors and fire attacks.
With the continuous improvement of the production technology and scale of fireworks in the Qing Dynasty, fireworks not only appeared in palaces and the residences of dignitaries, but also became a habit for people to set off fireworks during festivals. In order to strengthen the management of fireworks, the Qing Dynasty’s "Laws of the Qing Dynasty" stipulates that all fireworks workshops must be approved by the government before they can be listed, and fireworks must be set off in specified places.
2. Why can fireworks explode?
After understanding the history of fireworks, what is it? Xiaobian, this will take you to understand.
Fireworks,It is an object made of gunpowder and metal powder, which will burn, explode and bloom with colorful light after being ignited by fire, and is usually used outdoors.
black powder
The principle of fireworks is similar to that of firecrackers, and its structure includesblack powderandYaoyin(fuse) Black powder is what we often call "one sulfur, two nitrates and three charcoal":
S + 2KNO3+ 3C = K2S + N2↑+ 3CO2↑
The condition of the above reaction is ignition, and sulfur and potassium nitrate are oxidants.
Sulfur,It is a light yellow brittle crystal or powder with a special odor. It is a flammable solid, which can be made from natural sulfur ore or pyrite, carbon and oxygen at high temperature.
sulphur
potassium nitrateIt can be extracted from nitrate soil. The main principle is to use potassium ions in plant ash to replace sodium ions in nitrate soil, thus generating potassium nitrate. Contact with organic matter can cause combustion and explosion.
potassium nitrate
charcoalIt is the dark brown or black porous solid fuel left by incomplete combustion of wood or wood raw materials or pyrolysis under the condition of air isolation.
charcoal
A heat source is provided externally to ignite the fuel. The oxygen released by the decomposition of potassium nitrate makes charcoal and sulfur burn violently, producing a lot of heat, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases instantly. The chemical reaction caused the explosion, and most of the energy released during the explosion was converted into light and appeared in our eyes.
3. How do fireworks?
HeavenAnd produce different colors?
Fireworks are generally sealed, and after the explosion reaction, a lot of heat and gas will be generated. In a closed environment, due to the poor sealing of the upper and lower ends, gas will be ejected from below. According to Newton’s third law, the fireworks get upward power, and the internal energy of gunpowder is converted into heat energy, kinetic energy and potential energy of the fireworks. When the gunpowder is exhausted, the fireworks bomb continues to rise due to inertia, and at this time, the internal explosives are ignited and explode in the sky.
Internal structure of fireworks
In the process of making fireworks, some luminescent agents and chromophores are usually added to make fireworks emit colorful colors. Both the luminous machine and the chromogenic agent contain metal compounds, and different kinds of metal compounds will emit different colors of light when burning. This is what we often say.flame reaction.
Flame reaction color of common metals
Xiaobian reminds everyone to pay attention, flame reaction isphysical changeDon’t remember wrong.natureEvery element has its own unique spectrum. When heated, atoms’ electrons will absorb energy and jump to a higher unstable energy level, and then return to the previous low energy level and release electromagnetic waves with a specific wavelength. The electromagnetic waves released by some metals are just in the visible light band, and we see colorful colors.
A colorful fireworks display at a party
4. Xiaobian has something to say
Presumably, now that you have a better understanding of fireworks, you can tell (chui) to (xu) other people (bo) the next time you watch fireworks. Fireworks have a history of thousands of years in China, and it has long been our habit to set off fireworks on holidays. Everyone should abide by relevant regulations and pay attention to safety when setting off fireworks ~
Finally, let’s enjoy the beautiful fireworks again ~
Note: The pictures in the article come from Baidu, Weibo and other networks; If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.
Source: Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Editor: dogcraft
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Kavan Automobile, a brand new energy commercial vehicle brand of BAIC Group, was officially released.

On January 27th, Calvin Automobile, a brand new energy commercial vehicle brand under BAIC Group, was officially released. In the future, Calvin Automobile will launch brand-new platform products around the two major technical routes of pure electricity and hydrogen fuel cells, accelerate the transformation of Beiqi Futian into new energy, and help the construction of the Capital Science and Technology Innovation Center.

Nearly 500 people including Zhi Xianwei, deputy secretary of Changping District Committee, Su Guobin, deputy director of Beijing Economic and Information Bureau, and Jiang Zili and Chang Rui, leaders of BAIC Group, attended the conference.

New positioning, activation and development of new kinetic energy

In recent years, BAIC Group has been based on the construction of the "four centers" in the capital, integrated into the "five-child linkage" development pattern, adhered to science and technology-driven development, and continuously promoted the top-level strategic deployment in the field of new energy. The "BLUE Plan" released in 2022 shows that BAIC will further promote comprehensive new energy utilization and intelligent networking, build a full range of green and low-carbon products for passenger cars and commercial vehicles, and fully realize peak carbon dioxide emissions in 2025, and fully decarbonize products and operate carbon neutrality in 2050.

At present, BAIC Group is accelerating the pace of comprehensive new energy strategy, based on the new energy technology innovation of "pure electricity+hybrid", promoting the new energy strategy to land in the whole value chain of technology, products and supply chain, and the genealogy of new energy products is gradually clear in the rapid adjustment of product structure. Among them, in the field of passenger cars, supported by two brands, Extreme Fox and Beijing, a new energy-based product system of BAIC’s own brand passenger cars is composed of pure electric power and hybrid power. In the field of commercial vehicles, Beiqi Foton has formed a full product matrix of commercial vehicles covering all technical routes of pure electricity, hybrid and hydrogen fuel, covering the whole scene.

In this context, Beiqi Foton has made clear that the new energy strategy is the first strategy for the company’s development. In 2022, BAIC Foton and Bosch, Yihuatong, BAIC Investment Co., Ltd. jointly invested and established Calvin Automobile, focusing on a brand-new pure electric and hydrogen fuel platform, positioning to create a low-carbon and zero-carbon industrial ecology, deeply cultivating the global zero-carbon heavy truck, and committed to becoming a unicorn enterprise in the field of new energy vehicles around the world. In the future, Calvin Automobile will introduce more high-quality industrial chain partners as investors, and promote the healthy development of the company through the asset-light strategy way with a more flexible shareholding structure.

At the press conference, Zhi Xianwei, Su Guobin, academicians of China Academy of Engineering, professors of Beijing Institute of Technology, Sun Fengchun, Tsinghua University and Zhang Xiliang, members of the National Committee of Experts on Climate Change, delivered speeches on the development of new energy automobile industry and the development trend of the industry at Beijing and district levels, respectively, and made suggestions on the development of Kawen automobile. Jiang Zili, deputy secretary of the Party Committee of BAIC Group, said that the development of Calvin Automobile will play an important role in supporting and promoting BAIC to implement the "double carbon" strategy and realize the transformation and upgrading of the commercial vehicle sector. The Group will fully support the development of BAIC Foton and Calvin Automobile in the field of new energy commercial vehicles.

Brand new and build a green ecosystem

After the establishment of Calvin Automobile, the company’s headquarters was settled in the Future Science City of Changping District. Over the past year or so, Calvin Automobile has introduced a large number of talents to build a new system around the technology, products, supply chain and brand of new energy commercial vehicles. At the press conference, Calvin Automobile released a brand-new brand strategy.

Calvin Automobile brand will focus on the bright future of new energy technology leadership, user value creation and sustainable development, take "making every kilometer better" as its brand mission, and devote itself to delivering intelligent vehicle services that exceed customers’ expectations, achieving the leading position in platform technology and new energy technology, developing a new eco-business model with high intelligence and building a sustainable green energy business system.

The brand logo of Calvin Automobile was also officially unveiled at the meeting. Among them, the Chinese word "Ka" is fully integrated with the image of leaves, which means that Kawen absorbs natural energy and empowers the industry to develop sustainably with low carbon through the transformation of new energy technology and scientific and technological ecology. English logo "CAVAN", the initial letter C stands for Carbon, which reflects the firm commitment to the development of low-carbon era; The suffix n stands for New Energy and Nature, which promotes the harmonious coexistence of green transportation and nature with new energy technology innovation; AVA is the symbol of Calvin’s "3A" spirit-Advanced new energy technology, Advanced design concept and Advanced quality.

At the same time, Calvin Automobile will build a sustainable zero-carbon ecosystem in the whole value chain with all walks of life through the creation of zero-carbon supply chain, zero-carbon factory and zero-carbon products from the three dimensions of "car-chain-circle". Qin Zhidong, general manager of Calvin Automobile, said that the company promised to achieve carbon neutrality in the whole value chain by 2040.

Brand-new products exceed expectations to meet demand

At present, Calvin Automobile has built the Master architecture technology through independent innovation, focusing on breakthroughs and innovations in core technologies such as vehicle platform architecture, electronic and electrical architecture, fuel cells, hydrogen storage systems, and Sanpower. The company also pioneered a cross-platform, extensible and highly heterogeneous centralized electronic and electrical architecture for commercial vehicles, developed an industry-leading high-power hydrogen fuel cell engine and a liquid hydrogen storage system focusing on trunk transportation, and independently developed cutting-edge new energy and intelligent technologies such as high-performance electric drive bridges.

At the product level, Kavan focuses on two technical routes, pure electric and hydrogen fuel cells. All products are developed in the forward direction, focusing on three platforms, namely VAN, light truck and heavy truck, to create products that meet the needs of urban logistics, medium and long-distance trunk logistics and other scenes, and meet the needs of users with the characteristics of light weight, low energy consumption, long battery life, intelligence and high comfort.

In addition, Calvin Automobile will optimize the supply chain construction, create a green supply chain, and actively explore the continuous innovation of business ecology to provide users with new energy solutions integrating vehicle, intelligent transportation capacity, charging facilities and energy management.

Qin Zhidong introduced that in the next three years, Calvin Automobile will launch three platform products in domestic and foreign markets, and this year will be the first to launch a highly intelligent pure electric VAN product.

Focus! Interpretation of the optimization and adjustment of Beijing passenger car lottery policy

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 1st Question: Focus! Interpretation of the optimization and adjustment of Beijing passenger car lottery policy

  Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Lu Chang, Ding Jing and Xia Zilin

  On June 1st, Beijing issued the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Small Passenger Cars in Beijing (revised draft for comments), the detailed rules for the implementation of the Interim Provisions on the Regulation of the Number of Small Passenger Cars in Beijing (revised draft for comments) and the index allocation scheme for the one-time issuance of new energy passenger cars (revised draft for comments). According to the above regulations and plans, the current regulation and control policies for passenger cars in Beijing will be greatly optimized and adjusted.

  What benefits will the adjustment bring? What impact will it have? The "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporter combed.

  Aspect 1: Give priority to "car-free families"

  According to the lottery results of the latest passenger car index in Beijing in April this year, the winning ratio is about 2898:1, and the difficulty has reached a record high. In addition, this year’s 54,200 personal new energy indicators have also been exhausted in the first phase, and new applicants will wait for a long time. "I can’t shake it for a long time" brings inconvenience to many "car-free families".

  According to the new regulation policy of passenger cars, on the basis of participating in the allocation of ordinary indicators and new energy indicators on an individual basis, Beijing has added the allocation of indicators with "car-free families" as the unit and sorting points. At present, applicants who are participating in the allocation of indicators in their own names can form a family or multiple families to apply for indicators with their spouses, children and parents who meet the requirements if they want to switch to applying for indicators on a family basis. Among them, non-Beijing family members are required to hold Beijing residence permit and pay social insurance and personal income tax in Beijing for nearly five years.

  The reporter learned that a "car-free family" needs at least two people, and all members can’t have a passenger car registered in Beijing. Rong Jun, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission, said that with the deepening of data integration and sharing between the state and different departments such as population, marriage registration and vehicle management in Beijing, the allocation of indicators by family has a technical and data foundation. This policy optimization plan will require family applicants to jointly make a commitment to the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the information provided, and incorporate the performance of the commitment into the applicant’s personal credit record.

  Aspect 2: The lottery integral rules and quota ratio are all inclined to "car-free families"

  According to the proposed method, the "car-free family" lottery will calculate the total family points according to the points of each family applicant. Family applicant points are composed of basic points and ladder (waiting) points. Among them, the basic score of the main family applicant is 2 points, and the basic score of other family applicants is 1 point per person. According to the new policy, the allocation of indicators gives "car-free families" significantly higher than the winning rate of individual ordinary indicators and the quota number of new energy indicators.

  Take a family of three as an example. The family applicant consists of the principal applicant, the principal applicant’s spouse and a child, with three people in two generations. For example, both husband and wife are lottery (at present, the average step score of individual lottery is 5 points). According to the integral formula, the family score is 54 points, which is 54 times that of the individual who participated in the lottery for the first time and more than 10 times that of the principal applicant.

  According to the new policy, when applying as a family, the more family applicants, the higher the total score of the family and the higher the probability of obtaining the index. In the allocation of new energy indicators, in addition to the quota allocated to units and operating vehicles, 80% of the indicators are first allocated to "car-free families" according to the level of family scores.

  Aspect 3: This year, 20,000 new energy indicators will be issued to "car-free families" at one time.

  According to the proposed measures, Beijing will issue 20,000 new energy minibus indicators at one time, all of which will be allocated to "car-free families". The allocation of one-time additional issuance indicators is planned to be implemented in August this year, and the specific allocation method is consistent with the scheme of allocating new energy passenger cars by family points.

  The relevant measures are clear, and the relevant information of all applicants will be preliminarily reviewed by the relevant departments through data exchange and comparison. The families that pass the preliminary examination are sorted from high to low according to the total score of the family. When the total score is the same, the order of the registration time of the family applicants in the minibus management information system is adjusted as early as possible. The ranking results are publicized on the designated website. The top 20,000 families will be rechecked by the relevant departments, and if they pass the verification, a notice of confirmation of indicators will be issued.

  Cheng Shidong, director of the Urban Transportation Research Center of the Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, believes that issuing 20,000 new energy indicators to "car-free families" can effectively solve the demand for some family cars, effectively enhance the sense of acquisition, and further stimulate automobile consumption.

  Aspect 4: "One person with more cars" is gradually banned.

  According to the proposed measures, Beijing plans to increase the restrictions on the number of individuals applying for updating indicators. If a person owns more than one passenger car registered in Beijing, he can choose one of them to apply for updating the index when updating the vehicle, and the other vehicles will not be updated, but he is allowed to transfer the redundant vehicles to the spouse, children and parents of the passenger car whose name is not registered in Beijing. The transferee does not need the index certificate but must meet the condition of "individual with domicile in Beijing". In addition, the kinship between the transferee and the vehicle registration owner must last for one year. For the registration of vehicle change between husband and wife and the registration of vehicle transfer for divorce analysis, it is also necessary to meet the condition that the marriage has expired for one year.

  Rong Jun said that the passenger car index is a limited social public resource, and this policy optimization plan proposes that individuals with multiple cars can only apply for an updated index, mainly to further enhance the fairness of the distribution of social public resources. "As a personal property, the vehicle owner can use it until it is scrapped. When it needs to be updated, you can choose one of them to apply for updating indicators."

  It is understood that the index regulation and management department will strengthen the crackdown with the public security, traffic control and judicial departments on the illegal rental and sale of multiple vehicles under one person’s name and the paid transfer of indicators through marriage registration. Once verified, the indicators will be recovered, and those who have purchased vehicles will be blacklisted and will not be updated.

  Aspect 5: The number of annual quota quotas will not be adjusted for the time being.

  The reporter learned that the policy optimization plan is mainly to adjust the allocation method. In principle, the number of annual quota quotas for next year will not be adjusted for the time being. The Beijing Municipal Commission of Communications and other relevant departments said that they will combine the Beijing urban master plan with the "in accordance with ‘ Controlling possession, restricting use and differentiating ’ The principle of the implementation of traffic demand management, by 2035, the proportion of passenger cars and the average travel intensity decreased by not less than 30%.

  Statistics show that at present, the number of registered passenger cars in Beijing is 5.26 million. Cheng Shidong said that in the long run, Beijing still needs to guide the rational use of cars by parking to achieve the goal of "static braking", and should speed up the improvement of public transportation and green travel environment to enhance its attractiveness and competitiveness.

  Rong Jun introduced that in 2019, the proportion of green travel in Beijing reached 74%, and it is expected to increase by another percentage point this year. "It is necessary to improve and optimize the industrial layout and residential layout, and alleviate the traffic congestion problem by promoting the balance between occupation and residence."

  It is reported that relevant units and people from all walks of life can put forward opinions or suggestions on the Interim Provisions on the Regulation and Control of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing (Revised Draft for Comment) and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Interim Provisions on the Regulation and Control of the Number of Passenger Cars in Beijing (Revised Draft for Comment) by e-mail and letter before June 30, 2020, and the optimized regulation and control policies will be implemented next year.

Northeast China and North China continue to "steam sauna", and the high temperature in the south will be intermittent today and tomorrow.

  CCTV News:According to China Weather Network, recently, due to the influence of subtropical high, there has been a continuous sultry sauna day in the northeast and north China, and the highest temperature in many places has broken historical extremes. It is expected that this round of high temperature weather in the north will gradually weaken and fade on the 5 th. The high temperature has gone up and down. Affected by the rain and the wind and rain brought by the lark, the high temperature range in the south will be significantly reduced today (2 nd) and tomorrow, and it will make a comeback on the 4 th.

  The high temperature has gradually weakened since the "sauna" in Northeast China and North China continued for 5 days.

20180801150415375_ High Temperature _ Copy. jpg

  Since the end of July, due to the influence of subtropical high, there has been continuous high temperature weather in northeast and north China, and the air humidity is high, making people feel like a sauna. Yesterday, there was a high temperature in Shenyang, Liaoning Province for the fifth consecutive day. The highest temperatures in Dandong and Dalian reached 37.3℃ and 36.9℃ respectively, setting a meteorological record for extreme values. Temperatures in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and Shandong are also above 35℃, which is sultry and unbearable.

High temperature 4_ copy. jpg

  Yesterday, street people in Hohhot wore sunscreen masks to travel. Recently, the meteorological department of Inner Mongolia has continuously issued high-temperature warnings.

  In the next few days, the above areas will still accept high temperature "baking inspection". The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that before August 5, the high temperature in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, northern Shandong, central and eastern Inner Mongolia, most of Liaoning and central and southern Jilin will gradually develop, and the high temperature in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Liaoning will last for 3 to 5 days. In this regard, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a high-temperature yellow warning this morning.

  In this round of high temperature process, Shenyang is "outstanding". The highest temperature in Shenyang has exceeded 35℃ for five consecutive days, and the highest temperature will continue at or above 35℃ in the next three days, which is likely to break the record of the highest number of consecutive days of high temperature, which appeared in 1952 and lasted for five consecutive days. At the same time, the highest temperature in Shenyang today may reach 37℃, which will set a new record for the local extreme highest temperature in August (the previous record was 35.7℃). In addition, with the continuous expansion of high temperature, the temperature in Changchun may reach 36℃ on the 3rd, which will not only set a new high this year, but also become the hottest day in the local observation history in August. The high temperature in Changchun in August is very rare, and there has been only one high temperature on August 3, 1968 since it was recorded in 1951.

  In addition to the northeast, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and northern Shandong will also have high temperatures in the next three days, and the highest temperatures in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Jinan will remain at 35 C or above. The temperature in North China is high during the day and not low at night, and the lowest temperature is mostly above 26℃, and Tianjin will exceed 28℃. Moreover, due to the high relative humidity, the somatosensory temperature is higher, and the sultry feeling is not inferior to that in the south.

  The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that in five days, the hot weather in the above-mentioned areas in the north will end. This round of high-temperature weather lasts for a long time, and the high temperature in some areas breaks the extreme value. People in the above areas need to be prepared for heatstroke prevention and cooling, and try to avoid going out at the hottest noon. If they have to go out, they should take sun protection measures and replenish water in time. Outdoor workers prepare some heatstroke prevention drugs for emergencies.

  The high temperature area in the south has been significantly reduced, and it has made a comeback since the 4 th

http://www.gzwmhq.cn/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/YW9ed46W.jpg

  For many places in the south that have been suffering from high temperature for nearly half a month, we will enjoy a short coolness today and tomorrow. Affected by the rain and the wind and rain brought by the typhoon "Lark", the high temperature area in the south will continue to shrink today and tomorrow. Today, the western and southern parts of the south of the Yangtze River and most of southern China are out of the high temperature range. Tomorrow, there will be little high temperature left, only parts of northern Chongqing, northeastern Hubei and northwestern Jiangxi still have a small range of high temperature, and the rest areas will basically end the high temperature temporarily. In the area of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, due to the wind and rain brought by the typhoon "Lark", the maximum temperature in many places will drop to around 30℃ tomorrow.

  Although the high temperature in the south has shrunk, the highest temperature in many places is still around 33℃, and the sultry feeling will continue. At the same time, the cooling time is very short. Starting from the 4th, the high temperature in the south will return strongly. At present, it is in the middle of the sky, and high temperature is the main theme. People in the southern region need to continue to prepare for heatstroke prevention and cooling.