The 2025 Kia EV5 Guangzhou Auto Show was launched, with a price of 149,800, a new choice for pure electric SUVs.

On November 15, 2024, the 2025 Kia EV5 was officially launched, with a price of 149,800 yuan. Based on the special E-GMP platform for Kia electric vehicles, this household pure electric SUV is the first global strategic vehicle launched by Kia in China. In addition to the regular version, the GT-Line version was also launched, with a price of 214,800 yuan, equipped with front and rear dual motors, and the power performance was significantly improved.

Consumers who purchase the 2025 KIA EV5 can enjoy financial rights including 0 down payment, 0 interest for 3 years, and financial discount up to 23,000 yuan. The vehicle warranty period is 5 years or 100,000 kilometers, and the three-power warranty period is 8 years or 150,000 kilometers. In addition, there is an increase of 7,000 yuan. The special support of yueda Group includes free basic maintenance materials for five times in five years, cash subsidies or coupons of 5,000 yuan, and five years of free unlimited full data traffic and other maintenance and interconnection rights.

In appearance, the 2025 KIA EV5 continues the family-style design language of "Opposites United Unity of Opposites". The front face adopts a C-shaped LED headlight group, and the side lines of the car body are tough, equipped with hidden door handles and low wind resistance styling wheels. In the rear part, the taillights are simple in shape and similar in style to the headlights. The body size is 4615/1875/1715mm and the wheelbase is 2750mm. The EV5 GT-Line version is blackened in appearance and equipped with 20-inch wheels to enhance the sense of movement.

For the interior, KIA EV5 is equipped with a 12.3-inch full LCD instrument and a 12.3-inch multimedia screen, with the latest generation ccNC in-vehicle infotainment system built in, and the physical buttons and touch buttons are retained. In terms of power, the maximum power of the motor before and after the EV5 GT-Line version is 160kW and 73kW respectively, and the comprehensive maximum power of the system is 233kW. The maximum power of the motor of the regular model is 160kW, and the pure battery life of CLTC is 530km and 720km.

Take you to a comprehensive understanding of mRNA vaccine

Source | Xiao Yao Shuo Yao
vaccine
It is the most effective public health intervention measure to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Successful vaccination has eradicated many life-threatening diseases, such as smallpox and polio. The World Health Organization estimates that vaccines can prevent 2-3 million people from dying of tetanus, whooping cough, influenza and measles every year. However, despite the obvious success of conventional vaccines, they can not effectively deal with pathogens such as plasmodium, hepatitis C and HIV that escape immune surveillance. In addition, they need to be modified regularly to cope with rapidly changing pathogens, such as influenza virus.
on the basis ofmRNAOur nucleic acid vaccine was put forward more than 30 years ago, hoping to produce a safe, multifunctional and easy-to-produce vaccine. Compared with traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines have many advantages: Unlike some viral vaccines, mRNA will not be integrated into the genome, thus avoiding the concern about insertion mutation; MRNA vaccine can be made in a cell-free way, so as to realize rapid, economical and efficient production. In addition, a single mRNA vaccine can encode multiple antigens, enhance the immune response against adaptive pathogens, and can target multiple microorganisms or virus variants with a single formula.
At first, mRNA therapy was not paid attention to because of concerns about its stability, inefficiency and excessive immune stimulation. However, in the past decade, the field of mRNA therapy has changed with each passing day, including the in-depth study of mRNA pharmacology, the development of effective vectors and the control of mRNA immunogenicity, which has made the clinical application of mRNA vaccine enter a brand-new stage.
Design and synthesis of mRNA
In vitro transcription (
IVT
) mRNA mimics the structure of endogenous mRNA and has five parts, from 5 to 3, including: 5?cap, 5 untranslated regions (
UTR
), an open reading frame encoding antigen, 3?UTR and a PolyA tail.
Like natural eukaryotic mRNAs, the 5′ end cap structure contains a 7- methylguanosine nucleoside, which will protect mRNA from being degraded by nucleic acid exonuclease in space, and cooperate with translation initiation factor protein to recruit ribosomes to start translation. The length of PolyA tail indirectly regulates mRNA translation and half-life.
5 ′ and 3 ′ UTR on both sides of the coding region regulate mRNA translation, half-life and subcellular localization, and are derived from highly expressed genes (
Such as alpha-and beta-globin genes.
) is the first choice for synthesizing mRNAs. In addition, UTR can be optimized according to the cell type, for example, by removing miRNA binding sites and AU-rich regions in 3 ′ UTR, the degradation of mRNA can be minimized.
The open reading frame of mRNA vaccine is the most critical component. Although the open reading frame is not as plastic as the non-coding region, the translation can be increased without changing the protein sequence by optimizing the codon. For example, CureVac AG found that human mRNA codons rarely have A or U in the third position, thus replacing A or U in the third position of the open reading frame with G or C.. This optimization strategy is applied to its SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CVnCoV, which is currently in the phase III trial stage.
In order to maximize translation, mRNA sequences usually contain modified nucleosides, such as pseudouridine, N1- methyl pseudouridine or other nucleoside analogues. The use of modified nucleosides, especially modified uridine, prevents the recognition of pattern recognition receptors and ensures that the translation process produces a sufficient level of protein. Both Moderna and Pfizer–Biontech SARS-CoV-2 vaccines contain nucleoside modifications. Another strategy to avoid pattern recognition receptor detection, pioneered by CureVac, uses sequence engineering and codon optimization to consume uridine by increasing GC content of vaccine mRNA.
Besides the improvement of mRNA sequence, great progress has been made in simplifying mRNA production. The synthetic mRNA used in clinic is synthesized by using phage RNA polymerase T7 (
T3 and SP6 polymerases can also be used.
) transcribed from DNA plasmid in vitro. In addition, the co-transcription capping technology of CleanCap is used to simplify the purification steps.
Vector of mRNA vaccine
Due to the large mRNA (
10four–10sixDa
) and is negatively charged, so it cannot pass through the anionic lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. In addition, in vivo, it will be swallowed by cells of innate immune system and degraded by nuclease. Therefore, in vivo application requires the use of mRNA delivery vectors, which transfect immune cells without causing toxicity or unnecessary immunogenicity. At present, many solutions based on innovative materials have been developed.
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP)
Lipid nanoparticles are the most advanced mRNA carriers in clinic. As of June 2021, all SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines being developed or approved for clinical use have adopted LNPs. LNP provides many benefits for mRNA delivery, including simple preparation, modularization, biocompatibility and large mRNA payload capacity. In addition to RNA drugs, LNP usually consists of four components: ionizable lipid, cholesterol, accessory phospholipid and polyethylene glycol lipid, which together encapsulate and protect fragile mRNA.
Ionizable lipid and mRNA form nanoparticles in acidic buffer, which makes lipid positively charged and attracts RNA. In addition, they are positively charged in the acidic environment of endosome, which promotes their fusion with endosome membrane and releases them into cytoplasm.
DODAP and DODMA are the first ionizable lipids for RNA delivery. Through the design to improve the efficiency of DODMA, DLin-MC3-DMA was produced. This is the first ionizing lipid used in FDA-approved pharmaceutical preparations: siRNA drug patisiran (
Onpattro
)。 In addition to the effective and safe delivery of siRNA, DLin-MC3-DMA is also used for the delivery of mRNA.
At present, many groups in academia and industry use combinatorial reaction schemes to synthesize potential delivery materials. This method produces many effective lipids, including C12-200, 503O13, 306Oi10, OF-02, TT3, 5A2-SC8, SM-102 (
Moderna vaccine mRNA-1273 for anti-SARS-CoV-2
) and ALC-0315 (
BNT162b2 for Pfizer vaccine
)。
In addition to seeking to improve the curative effect, people pay more and more attention to improving the specificity of drugs, especially for vaccines and immunotherapy. Lipid 11-A-M58 containing polycyclic adamantane tail and lipid 93-O17S59 containing cyclic imidazole head have been designed to target T cells in vivo. Although the mechanism is not clear, the cyclic groups of these lipids are essential for targeting T cells.
Although ionized lipid can be said to be the most important component of LNP, the other three lipid components (
Cholesterol, auxiliary lipids and polyglycolized lipids
) also promoted the formation and function of nanoparticles. Cholesterol is a naturally occurring lipid, which enhances the stability of nanoparticles by filling the gaps between lipids, and helps to fuse with endosomal membranes during uptake into cells.
Auxiliary lipid can adjust the fluidity of nanoparticles and enhance the efficacy by promoting the lipid phase transition which is helpful to the fusion of membrane and inclusion body. The choice of the best auxiliary lipid depends on the ionizable lipid material and RNA vector. For example, for lipid-like materials, saturated auxiliary lipids (
Such as DSPC
) is most suitable for delivering short RNA (
Such as siRNA
), while unsaturated lipids (
Such as DOPE
) is most suitable for delivering mRNA. DSPC has been used in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 approved by FDA.
The PEGylated lipid component of LNPs consists of polyethylene glycol (
PEG
) and anchored lipids (
Such as DMPE or DMG
) combined. Hydrophilic PEG can stabilize LNP, adjust the size of nanoparticles by limiting lipid fusion, and increase the half-life of nanoparticles by reducing nonspecific interaction with macrophages. Both mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines contain PEGylated lipids.
Polymers and polymer nanoparticles
Although the clinical progress is not as good as LNP, polymers have similar advantages to lipids and can effectively deliver mRNA. Cationic polymers concentrate nucleic acids into complexes with different shapes and sizes, which can enter cells through endocytosis.
Polyethylenimine is the most widely studied nucleic acid delivery polymer. Although its efficacy is excellent, its toxicity limits its application because of its high charge density. In addition, several biodegradable polymers with less toxicity have been developed. For example, poly (
β-amino ester
) is excellent in mRNA transmission, especially for lung.
Recently, a new type of lipid-containing polymer, called charge-changing releasable transporter (
CARTs
), it can effectively target T cells, and it is very difficult to manipulate T cells. Therefore, CART is an attractive delivery material with great potential in the fields of mRNA vaccine and gene therapy.
Other delivery systems
In addition to lipids and polymer carriers, peptides can also deliver mRNA to cells, thanks to cations or amphiphilic amine groups in their main and side chains (
Such as arginine
), these cations or amphiphilic amino groups electrostatically combine with mRNA and form nanocomposites. For example, amino acids containing repeated arginine-alanine-leucine-alanine (
RALA
) motif of membrane fusion cell penetrating peptide.
Protamine peptide rich in arginine is positively charged at neutral pH, which can also concentrate mRNA and promote its transmission. Protamine-mRNA complexes activate Toll-like receptors that recognize single-stranded mRNA (
TLR7,TLR8
) pathway, therefore, it can also be used as an adjuvant for vaccine or immunotherapy applications. CureVac AG is evaluating a protamine-containing delivery platform RNActive for clinical trials of melanoma, prostate cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.
Finally, cationic nanoemulsions based on squalene can also deliver mRNA, and these nanoemulsions are composed of oily squalene cores. Some squalene preparations, such as Novartis MF59, are used as adjuvants in FDA-approved influenza vaccines. MF59 makes the cells at the injection site secrete chemokines, thereby recruiting antigen presenting cells, inducing monocytes to differentiate into dendritic cells, and enhancing antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells. The mechanism of squalene-based cationic nanoemulsion escaping from endosome and transporting mRNA to cytoplasm is not clear.
Technical innovation of mRNA vaccine
The most important innovations of mRNA vaccine technology are: mRNA sequence design; Develop a simple, rapid and large-scale method to produce mRNA; To develop efficient and safe mRNA vaccine delivery materials.
A recent study used a systematic selection process based on cell culture to identify new UTRs, which significantly increased the protein expression of IVT mRNA. Compared with human β -globin 3’UTR, these sequences can induce the protein of related transcripts to be about 3 times.
In addition, an interesting new vaccine form was recently reported, which used mRNA encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of α virus plus a second mRNA encoding antigen to make it replicate in cytoplasm. This system can be used at very low doses (
50ng
) can effectively induce protective immune response in mice. These findings are particularly attractive because the use of low doses reduces the cost of vaccine production. No delivery material further reduces the cost, simplifies the manufacture, and improves the possibility of freeze-drying and storage of vaccines at ambient temperature.
On the production side, in addition to the cleancap technology, a method for adsorbing double-stranded RNA pollutants to cellulose (
A cheap and abundant polysaccharide
) to purify mRNA. It has been proved that this highly scalable and cheap method is as effective as high performance liquid chromatography in removing dsRNA pollutants from IVT mRNA samples.
In terms of delivery materials, mRNA-LNPs also achieves selective T cell targeting, similar to CAR-T platform based on polymer. A new platform called ASSET (
Anchored secondary targeting single chain antibody
), in which T cell-specific monoclonal antibodies are linked to LNP to target T cells. This flexible platform also has great potential in mRNA vaccine and other applications.
Another lipid complex preferentially targets dendritic cells after systemic administration. It is a potential key discovery to selectively target DC with mRNA vaccine to induce strong immune response, and the platform has proved its prospect in clinical trials.
Research progress of mRNA vaccine in infectious diseases
MRNA-based therapy represents a relatively novel and efficient drug class. Recently, several published studies have emphasized the potential efficacy of mRNA vaccine in the treatment of different types of malignant tumors and infectious diseases, in which traditional vaccine strategies cannot cause protective immune response.
By the end of 2019, 15 candidate mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases had entered clinical trials. At that time, it was thought that it would take at least 5-6 years for mRNA vaccines to be approved by the regulatory authorities. However, when COVID-19 pandemic swept the world in early 2020, these expectations were subverted. In the next few months, the research, development, manufacture and deployment of mRNA vaccine have entered a stage of rapid leap.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Most candidate vaccines of SARS-CoV-2 have an immune response to spinous proteins on the virus surface. Spike protein binds to the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 on the surface of its host cell. Then, the cell’s transmembrane serine protease 2 cleaves the attached spike protein, which induces conformational changes, exposes the fusion peptide of spike protein and promotes the fusion with the cell or endosomal membrane. Usually, the antigen encoded by vaccine mRNA is either the full-length spike protein or the receptor binding domain of spike protein.
As of June 18th, 2021, 185 CVID-19 vaccine candidates are in the pre-clinical development stage, and another 102 have entered clinical trials. In clinical trials, 19 kinds are mRNA vaccines. On December 11th, 2020, Pfizer’s BNT162b2 vaccine obtained the emergency authorization from FDA, becoming the first mRNA drug approved for human body. A week later, the Moderna vaccine mRNA-1273 was also authorized for use in the United States. In the end, they were the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccines authorized in the United States, Britain, Canada and several other countries.
Pfizer and BioNTech jointly developed five mRNA candidate vaccines, which encode variants of spike protein antigen. Two main candidate drugs, BNT162b1 and BNT162b2, use ionized lipid ALC-0315 of Acuitas Therapeutics and nucleoside modified mRNA, in which all uridine is replaced by N1 methyl pseudouridine to enhance mRNA translation. BNT162b1 encodes the receptor binding domain of trimeric secretory spinous protein, while BNT162b2 encodes the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spinous protein, and two proline substitutions in S2 subunit lock the protein in the pre-fusion conformation.
In the first trial of the two vaccines, both of them can induce neutralizing antibodies with high titers, and produce strong CD4+ and CD8+ reactions, accompanied by mild to moderate adverse reactions. The two candidate vaccines were well tolerated and effective, but only BNT162b2 vaccine entered the phase II/III trial because of its mild systemic and local adverse reactions. In the third phase of the trial, BNT162B2 showed 95% overall prevention and 90 ~ 100% curative effect.
Moderna cooperated with the National Institutes of Health to develop mRNA-1273. The vaccine uses ionized lipid SM-102 to prepare LNP, which encapsulates the mRNA modified by N1 methyl pseudouridine. This sequence encodes SARS-CoV-2 spinous protein, with two proline substitutions, giving it a pre-fusion conformation.
In phase 1 clinical trials, mRNA-1273 was very effective and well tolerated. In the phase III trial involving 30,420 volunteers, the prevention rate of two 100μg vaccines was 94.1%, and local pain at the injection site was the most common side effect. After the second dose, half of the volunteers reported moderate to severe systemic side effects (
Such as fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain
), these side effects disappeared within 48 hours.
Although the vaccines produced by Pfizer and Moderna have been proved to have good efficacy and safety, their demand for cold chain storage has brought great difficulties to guarantee. MRNA-1273 can be stored at 4-8℃ for one month, while BNT162b2 needs to be stored at -60℃.
CVnCoV, the candidate vaccine of CureVac, can be stored stably for 3 months at 5℃. CVnCoV uses Acuitas Therapeutics (
It may be ALC-0315
) and unmodified mRNA encoding full-length spike protein with two proline substitutes. In the first phase of clinical trial, the neutralizing antibody produced by volunteers was similar to that of patients with CVID-19 in recovery period and was well tolerated. Unfortunately, however, in phase III clinical trials involving 40,000 people, CVnCoV only showed 47% efficacy. Mid-term analysis shows that the low curative effect of CVnCoV is attributed to the new SARS-CoV-2 mutation.
At present, CureVac is cooperating with GSK to develop the second generation candidate drug-C2CoV, which has been optimized to enhance its translation and immunogenicity compared with CVnCoV. CV2CoV uses 5’UTR from human hydroxysteroid 17-β- dehydrogenase 4 gene and 3’UTR from human proteasome 20S subunit β3 gene. In preclinical studies, the protein expression of CV2CoV was 1.8 times higher than that of CVnCoV in vitro, and high-titer cross-neutralizing antibodies against B.1.1.7, B.1.1.298 and B.1.351 variants were induced in rats.
Another heat-resistant candidate vaccine, ARCoV, was developed by PLA Academy of Military Sciences in cooperation with Walvax Biotechnology Company, and can be stable at 25℃ for one week. ARCoV encodes the receptor binding domain of spike protein. In preclinical studies, high SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody and strong virus neutralization titer can be induced in cynomolgus monkeys. Although the reasons behind the thermal stability of CVnCoV and ARCoV are not clear, the secondary structure of mRNA, smaller mRNA size, GC content and lipid may be important factors.
Other mRNA candidate vaccines are also under development. LNP-nCoVsaRNA was jointly developed by Imperial College London in London and Acuitas Therapeutics, encoding the full-length spike protein. At present, the phase I clinical trial evaluation is being carried out using the dose escalation scheme of 0.1–1g (
ISRCTN17072692
), which uses the lowest RNA dose among all candidate mRNA vaccines.
Another self-amplified mRNA vaccine candidate ARCT-021 (
Also known as LUNAR-COV19
) by Arcturus company using its proprietary LUNAR lipid carrier and self-transcription and replication RNA (
STARR
) platform development. It encodes a full-length fusion pre-spike protein.
Influenza virus vaccine
About 290,000 to 650,000 people worldwide die from influenza virus every year. At present, the vaccine targets the viral hemagglutinin protein that promotes the entry of the virus. The traditional influenza vaccine is an inactivated influenza virus growing in eggs, which takes a long time to produce and is difficult to purify. In addition, viruses mutate in eggs for optimal growth, sometimes rendering them ineffective in humans.
Therefore, alternative antigen targets and production methods are really needed. Synthetic mRNAs transcribed in vitro can meet this demand and ensure the rapid production of vaccines when new influenza strains appear. For example, in 2013, based on LNP (
DLinDMA
) was successfully developed within 8 days after the outbreak of H7N9 in China, but unfortunately, clinical trials could not be conducted because there was no GMP facility for mRNA manufacturing at that time.
Some people are also committed to developing a universal influenza vaccine that does not need to be revised every year. This vaccine can produce immunity to several influenza virus strains and subtypes. The influenza mRNA vaccine, which was first displayed in 2012, induced homologous and heterologous immunity against H1N1 and H5N1 strains in mice by three intradermal injections.
It is worth noting that the conserved region of hemagglutinin, which is not easy to mutate, has recently become a new universal vaccine target. Another study used LNPs to deliver 50ng dose of mRNA, encoding three conserved influenza proteins: neuraminidase, nucleoprotein and matrix -2 ion channel protein, and hemagglutinin stem region. Incredibly, this tiny dose of mRNA produced a wide range of protective antibodies.
Zika virus vaccine
Zika virus infection was first discovered in 1947. Patients infected with Zika virus usually have no symptoms or mild symptoms such as fever, rash and muscle pain. However, Zika virus became a global health crisis during the American epidemic in 2015-2016, which caused severe fetal neural malformation and fetal death during pregnancy. Membrane and envelope protein (
prM-E
) is a common antigen selection for mRNA vaccine against Zika virus, because neutralizing antibody against prM-E can prevent virus fusion.
Moderna cooperated with Washington University School of Medicine to develop an improved prM-E mRNA, which contains the mutant fusion circular epitope in E protein. Two 10μg doses of mRNA can protect mice from Zika virus attack and reduce the production of dengue enhanced antibodies. These encouraging preclinical results promoted the phase I trial, and the interim results showed that the vaccine mRNA-1893 induced 94-100% seroconversion within 10 days, which was well tolerated.
In addition, another study used passive immunization method to deliver mRNA encoding ZIKV neutralizing antibody using squalene-based nanocarriers. This is an attractive method for immunocompromised patients whose immune system is damaged and unable to synthesize autoantibodies.
HIV vaccine
Globally, HIV currently affects 38 million people and is expected to affect as many as 42 million people by 2030. Although the research has been carried out for 30 years, no effective vaccine has been developed, mainly because of the significant antigenic diversity of HIV envelope proteins and the hidden "glycan barrier" of key envelope protein epitopes. Several preclinical studies have used a variety of carriers, including cationic nanoemulsion, DOTAP/DOPE liposome, Polymers and ionizable LNP, and they have seen some effects in different degrees. These studies show that in addition to effective vectors, new antigens are crucial for effectively targeting HIV.
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine
Respiratory syncytial virus is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in the world. Every year, it is estimated that 60,000 children under the age of 5 die and more than 14,000 people over the age of 65 die.
At present, RSV candidate vaccines mainly target highly conserved F protein. Although some candidates failed to pass the clinical trial because of insufficient neutralizing antibody titer, the new discovery of F protein conformation shows that vaccination against pre-fusion conformation can produce excellent neutralizing antibody reaction. This discovery is expected to improve the future vaccine design.
Moderna is evaluating three single-dose candidate vaccines encoding pre-fusion F protein: mRNA-1172 and mRNA-1777 for adults, and mRNA-1345 for children. In the phase I clinical trial, mRNA-1777 induced a strong humoral response of RSV neutralizing antibody, and CD4+T cells reacted to RSV F protein without serious adverse events. The sequence of mRNA-1345 has been further designed and codon optimized to enhance the translation and immunogenicity relative to mRNA-1777. One month after inoculation, the titer of neutralizing antibody produced by mRNA-1345 was about eight times that of mRNA-1777. Finally, the goal of Moderna is to combine mRNA-1345 with pediatric human metapneumovirus/parainfluenza virus type 3 (
hMPV/PIV3
) Candidate vaccine mRNA-1653 was integrated, and children were vaccinated against three different pathogens with a single formula.
Ebola virus vaccine
Ebola virus (
EBOV
) was first identified as the pathogen that caused the Ebola outbreak in 1976. This viral hemorrhagic fever claimed more than 11,000 lives in the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014-2016. In 2019, FDA approved a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (
VSV
) Ebola vaccine (
rVSV-EBOV
)。 Although the effectiveness of rVSV-EBOV in preventing the spread of Ebola is 97.5% compared with that without vaccination, clinical trials have noticed some safety problems (
Such as acute arthritis and rash.
)。
Anti-EBOV mRNA vaccines may be safer than this virus-based vaccine because they will not replicate in vivo. An mRNA vaccine encoding EBOV glycoprotein has been proved to be effective in mice. The vaccine can induce the strong expression of glycoprotein-specific IgG antibody, IFN-γ and IL-2 through CD8+ and CD4+T cells, which can protect animals from deadly virus.
Rabies virus vaccine
Rabies is a zoonotic disease, characterized by neurological symptoms, with a mortality rate of nearly 100%. Although vaccines have been approved, more than 50,000 people still die of rabies every year, which highlights the need for more effective and cheaper vaccines.
In order to meet this demand, CureVac used its RNActive platform to screen the unmodified mRNA vaccine CV7201 encoding rabies virus glycoprotein. In a preclinical study, CV7201 can induce high neutralizing antibody titers in mice and pigs, and induce antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cell responses. However, in the phase I clinical trial, it was found that although the route of administration did not affect the immune response, only the intradermal syringe produced a short-term humoral immune response. This weak drug delivery effect and high incidence of adverse events indicate that the drug delivery platform needs to be further optimized.
Subsequently, CureVac used the proprietary LNP produced by Acuitas Therapeutics as the carrier of its new vaccine CV7202. In a preclinical study, CV7202 induced strong antibody titers and CD8+ and CD4+T cell responses. The results of phase I clinical trials show that two 1g doses can produce high titer neutralizing antibodies and strong adaptive immune response, which is well tolerated.
Malaria vaccine
Although the vast majority of mRNA vaccines under development are aimed at preventing virus infection, there are also efforts to prevent other infectious diseases. Malaria is caused by unicellular eukaryotic parasites, and its incidence and lethality rank first. Every year, malaria afflicts more than 200 million people around the world and kills more than 400,000 patients. Due to the lack of surface antigen and the complex life cycle of plasmodium, the production of antimalarial vaccine has been difficult. Fortunately, the study of human natural immune response to plasmodium infection has identified potential non-surface antigen targets.
For example, the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor secreted by plasmodium (
PMIF
) has been proved to prevent T cells from producing long-term memory. According to this discovery, a vaccine was prepared from squalene-based cationic nanoemulsion loaded with self-amplified mRNA encoding PMIF. Two doses of 15μg can improve the development of helper T cells and induce anti-plasmodium IgG antibody and memory T cell response.
Another study on the mechanism of malaria infection found that Plasmodium falciparum is rich in glutamate protein (
PfGARP
) is a potential target of mRNA vaccine. A nucleoside modified mRNA vaccine encoding PfGARP antigen is being developed, which uses LNP proprietary to Acuitas Therapeutics. Preclinical studies show that the vaccine can reduce the reaction of animals infected with plasmodium.
Key problems of mRNA vaccine
At present, there are still many doubts about the safety of mRNA vaccine. In addition, the mRNA vaccine has been approved only in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2, and its efficacy in other aspects needs further study. Many problems need to be solved. Let’s discuss some key problems that mRNA vaccine may face in the future.
Antigen reaction duration
After vaccination, antigen is absorbed by antigen presenting cells and transported to lymph nodes, where B cells, antigen presenting cells and follicular helper T cells (
Tfh
) promote the formation of germinal center. In the germinal center, B cells then proliferate, differentiate and mutate their antibody genes to produce high affinity neutralizing antibodies against aggressive antigens. Germinal center reaction and Tfh cell induction are very important for lasting antibody response, which will protect patients for months or years.
In order to enhance the first step of this immune response process, some delivery systems target antigen-presenting cells and translate mRNA. Several promising strategies for actively targeting antigen presenting cells include binding monoclonal antibodies to LNP surface and modifying LNP surface with dendritic cell-specific ligands. Alternatively, regulating the physical properties of LNP, such as surface charge, has been used to improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines.
In addition, changing vaccine pharmacokinetics by prolonging the translation of antigen mRNA has become an exciting tool to enhance antibody response. Continuous availability of antigen during germinal center reaction has been proved to increase antibody production by about 10 times. A study in mice showed that compared with unmodified mRNA, nucleoside-modified mRNA had a longer circulating time and induced a stronger reaction between Tfh cells and B cells in germinal center.
In clinical trials, two doses of mRNA-1273 can also trigger a lasting antibody response within 6 months. Although the antibody titer decreased slightly during the study period, all age groups maintained high neutralization ability. These results are promising, however, the duration of antibody reaction is a complex phenomenon, and different antigens will be different, which requires longer data to fully understand.
Mutations against viruses
Mutations in viral genomes are common in the process of replication. Although most mutations have little or no effect on the function of the virus, some mutations can enhance immune evasion and hinder the development of vaccines. For example, for more than 30 years, the rapid mutation of HIV has hindered the development of effective vaccines, while the mutation of influenza virus needs to modify the vaccine formula every year to target the dominant strains.
The emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutation has also attracted attention to the effectiveness of cross-mutation of mRNA vaccine. Variants B.1.351 and P.1 are located at position 484 of spinous protein receptor binding domain (
E484K
) glutamic acid exists (
E
) to lysine (
K
) mutation, which promotes immune escape. Fortunately, FDA-approved mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 produced cross-neutralizing antibodies against B.1.351 and P.1 and other variants, which indicated that they could provide protection against them. However, compared with the original virus, the cross neutralization effect has been significantly reduced. In addition, in the IIb/III trial of CureVac’s candidate CVnCoV, 57% of the 124 COVID-19 cases sequenced were mutants, including B.1.351 and P.1 variants.
If these mutant strains gradually become major variants over time, variant-specific mRNA enhancers may be needed. At present, Moderna is evaluating the original mRNA-1273 vaccine and the latest version as the third booster: mRNA-1273.351, which encodes spinous protein from variant B.1.351, and mRNA-1273.211, a 1:1 mixed vaccine of mRNA-1273 and mRNA-1273.351.
In the long run, it will be more beneficial to provide a pan-coronavirus vaccine to protect SARS-CoV-2 and future coronavirus outbreaks. Like HIV and influenza, new structural insights are expected to promote the discovery of conserved sites of coronavirus and accelerate antigen discovery and vaccine design.
security
Generally speaking, mRNA vaccine has good safety, and only mild or moderate adverse events occurred in clinical trials. However, there are also individual events that require further optimization of mRNA antigens and vehicle components. For example, CureVac’s protamine-based rabies candidate drug CV7201 caused serious adverse events in 78% of the participants, prompting CureVac to adopt LNPs as the first choice for its subsequent rabies candidate drug CV7202.
Like most drugs, the adverse reactions of mRNA vaccine often increase with the increase of dose. For example, in the first phase test of CV7202, 5μg dose has unacceptable toxicity, while 1μg is the highest dose with good tolerance. In addition, in the first phase trial of Moderna H10N8 influenza vaccine, serious adverse events appeared in patients with a dose of 400μ g, so the trial continued with a dose of 100μg g..
When using the COVID-19 vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, allergic reactions were observed in about 4.7 parts per million and 2.5 parts per million, respectively, which was about 2-4 times that of the traditional vaccination. One view is that allergic reactions are attributed to pre-existing antibodies against PEGylated lipids in LNP. These antibodies are considered to be effective against many consumer products (
Such as toothpaste, shampoo and laxatives.
) has a reaction with PEG. It is reported that 40% people have anti-PEG antibodies, which may increase the risk of allergic reactions in some individuals and hinder the effectiveness of vaccines. At present, CDC recommends that individuals who have a history of allergy to any component of Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine should not use mRNA vaccine. Obviously, we need to better understand how the mRNA vaccine formula causes allergic reactions, so that we can redesign the formula to improve safety.
Vaccination of specific population
Most vaccines, whether traditional vaccines or mRNA vaccines, are developed for children or healthy adults. However, due to different immune systems, some people may benefit from alternative vaccination strategies or have different responses to vaccination.
Maternal/neonatal vaccination
The dynamic characteristics of the immune system during pregnancy increase a person’s susceptibility to infectious diseases, and infection will have a disastrous impact on maternal health and fetal development.
In order to meet these challenges, maternal vaccination has become a tool to improve maternal health and reduce neonatal morbidity. Maternal IgG antibody can easily cross the placenta and enter the fetal circulation by binding to the neonatal Fc receptor, thus protecting the fetus from pathogens. In several studies, maternal inoculation with mRNA-loaded LNPs can prevent the spread of fetal Zika virus in pregnant mice and protect newborn mice from herpes virus and streptococcus infection.
Although vertically transferred maternal antibodies can prevent neonatal infection, they will also hinder the effect of vaccination for infants in later life, and the mechanism is still unclear. Prolonging the availability of antigen may promote a stronger germinal center response, thus producing a strong infant immune response in the presence of maternal antibodies.
The anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine has also been proved to be immunogenic to pregnant and lactating people, and neutralizing antibodies have been detected in cord blood and human milk. Preliminary data show that mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 cause similar adverse events in pregnant and non-pregnant people, and the vaccine will not increase the incidence of neonatal death or congenital abnormalities. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the impact of mRNA vaccine on maternal and neonatal health.
the aged
This group is in urgent need of effective vaccines, because many infectious diseases affect the elderly. For example, 70 to 90% of influenza-related mortality occurs in patients over 65 years old, while the mortality rate of COVID-19 is 62 times that of young patients over 65 years old.
It is more difficult for the elderly to be vaccinated, because aging has an adverse effect on both innate and adaptive responses of the immune system. The decrease of Toll-like receptor expression will prevent monocytes and macrophages from secreting cytokines and chemokines, and limit the crosstalk with adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune response during infection is usually insufficient due to impaired cytokine signals and physiological and cellular changes. These changes include thymus degeneration, the decrease of naive B cells and T cells, the decrease of T cell receptor diversity, the higher susceptibility to T cell apoptosis, and the decrease of the expression of key receptors such as CD28 on cytotoxic CD8+T cells.
Fortunately, more and more evidence shows that mRNA vaccine may have strong efficacy in all age groups. For example, in the phase III trial, the efficacy of BNT162b2, a candidate vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech, exceeded 93% in all treatment groups. The candidate vaccine of Moderna, mRNA-1273, is also very effective, showing 86.4% effectiveness in volunteers over 65 years old, compared with 95.6% in volunteers aged 18-65 years old.
The design of delivery tools is very important to improve the efficacy of vaccines for the elderly. MRNA vector can be used as an inflammatory adjuvant to amplify the vaccine response by enhancing the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells to the injection site. In a preclinical study, CureVac’s RNAVAC activated TLR7 and produced a lasting immune response against deadly influenza in mice. Novartis emulsion MF59 has been used as mRNA delivery carrier and adjuvant. MF59 enhances the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine and has been approved for the elderly.
Acquisition of vaccine
Obtaining vaccines is the biggest challenge to achieve widespread prevention of infectious diseases, especially in low-income countries. The cold storage requirements of the approved SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine further limit the acquisition of the vaccine. Portable and reusable Arktek freezer can realize the rapid deployment of millions of doses of vaccine during an epidemic.
However, the COVID-19 virus needs to vaccinate billions of people, which requires a heat-resistant vaccine. At present, there are two candidate vaccines of SARS-CoV-2 with heat tolerance at room temperature. If these candidate vaccines can show good results in clinical trials, they may simplify the global acquisition of mRNA vaccines in the near future.
Acceptance of vaccine
Vaccines are only effective after vaccination, and there are abundant data supporting the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. Vaccines have eradicated several infectious diseases in some parts of the world and saved countless lives. However, due to misinformation and anti-vaccine campaigns, public distrust has intensified, threatening the maintenance of group immunity and putting our most vulnerable people at risk.
The decline in vaccination coverage may lead to the re-emergence of life-threatening diseases. For example, measles eradicated from the United States in 2000 infected more than 1,200 people in 2019 because of poor vaccine compliance in many communities. For COVID-19, in the United States, the current acceptance rate of 56-75% may not be enough to reach at least 80-90% coverage, and this threshold is considered to be necessary for SARS-CoV-2 population immunization.
Although most of the burden of improving vaccine coverage falls on the government and public health officials, the scientific community can also help by improving the effectiveness and safety of mRNA vaccines. Improving the curative effect will reduce the acceptance of group immunization, and improving safety will prevent the media from reporting adverse events, thus reducing the fear of vaccination.
summarize
In the past decades, the progress of mRNA design and nucleic acid delivery technology, coupled with the discovery of new antigen targets, has made mRNA vaccine an extraordinary tool to fight emerging epidemics and existing infectious diseases. Two mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were developed at revolutionary speed and provided excellent protection rate, which is expected to end the COVID-19 pandemic.
In addition, these vaccines promote LNP and RNA therapy from niche market products to preventive treatment successfully implemented in a large number of people. As a result, a large number of safety and effectiveness data, as well as successful regulatory approval. We can be optimistic that mRNA therapy will probably change the vaccination methods, cancer immunotherapy and protein replacement therapy in modern medicine.
References:
1. mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation. Nat RevDrug Discov. 2021 Aug 25 : 1–22.
2. Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology. Curr Opin Immunol. 2020 Aug; 65:14-20.

New Year’s Eve has a strong flavor (going to the grassroots in the New Year and basking in my family’s New Year’s Eve)

  Editor’s note: New Year’s Eve carries the most sincere expectations and the strongest affection in a year. On this New Year’s Eve, in Wushi County, Xinjiang, the resident cadres who stuck to their posts ate pilaf; In Jiaozhou, Shandong Province, the father and son who got rid of poverty set new goals; In Mohe, Heilongjiang, tourists experience the culture of Northeast China in the Arctic Village. In Jiangjin, Chongqing, the New Year’s Eve dinner for poverty-stricken farmers is much richer than in previous years. In Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, villagers who moved from ex situ to help the poor had a reunion dinner in their new houses. In Huangpu District, Guangzhou, left-behind workers spend the New Year in a foreign land … … On the occasion of bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new year, this special and unforgettable New Year’s Eve dinner is a review and tribute to past efforts, and it is also a prospect and expectation for a new beginning.

  Race against time and keep pace with history. In 2020, we will build a well-off society in an all-round way; In 2020, it is also the year of decisive battle against poverty. Strugglers in the new era, let’s continue to unite as one and work hard to move forward rain or shine!

  Xinjiang Wushi Resident Task Force

  It’s so happy that the villagers are all out of poverty and staying in the village.

  Our reporter Yang Mingfang altak

  On the 24th, Lunar New Year’s Eve. In Kumbulong Village, Aotebeixi Township, Wushi County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, the flavor of the year is strong in the village committee courtyard.

  "Dinner!" Zhu Lidong, the general leader of the "Visiting Huiju" of the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of the Autonomous Region in Wushi County, the first secretary of Kumbulong Village and the captain of the resident team, has a loud voice and greets the team members to hurry to the table. During the Spring Festival this year, all 12 members of the task force stayed in the village for the New Year.

  A pot of pilaf and half a sheep, a pot of green tea makes a short story. "Everyone can’t go home for the New Year, so they have a reunion dinner in the village." Zhu Lidong served everyone a bowl of delicious hand-grabbed rice. What makes Zhu Lidong feel gratified is the change in the village. In recent years, the task force has helped villagers get rid of poverty and become rich by promoting the quality and efficiency of the forest and fruit industry, and the per capita annual income has increased from 9,000 yuan in 2017 to 13,000 yuan.

  After graduating from graduate school, Zhao Dachuan, a young man from Shandong Province, worked in the Forestry and Grass Bureau of the autonomous region and was sent to stay in the village. This is his third Spring Festival in the village. "As a poverty alleviation specialist, what makes me most happy is that at the end of 2019, 32 poor households in the village were all lifted out of poverty."

  There is a special little guest at the dinner table — — Team member Zhu Yuefeng’s 6-year-old daughter Zhu Yuxin. Zhu Yuxin said that after Dad came to the village, he became very busy, and sometimes he didn’t have time to video with her. "Mom took care of her little brother at home, so I came to accompany Dad!"

  After listening to Zhu Yuxin’s little friend’s words, Ainiwal Anshan, the vice captain of the task force, smiled lovingly. This year is the fifth year for Ainiwal to stay in the village. In the work in the village, what makes Ainiwal feel the most is the change in the village; What warms him most is the family-like atmosphere among the members working in the village. "The members come from three different nationalities, just like a family. We usually work together, regardless of you and me."

  "They left their homes and businesses to do good things for the people. We thank them from the bottom of our hearts." Aminah M Kadir, a local cook hired by the team, has been helping the team for almost five years. In her and the villagers’ hearts, the resident team members have already become relatives.

  This Spring Festival, not only Kumbulong village, but also more than 70,000 village cadres from 12,000 "visiting and gathering" teams in Xinjiang, most of them stick to their posts and look forward to handing over a satisfactory answer sheet in the year of decisive battle against poverty.

  Yang Wei ‘an and Yang Xiaoliang, Jiaozhou, Shandong Province

  Set a new goal for poverty alleviation New Year’s Eve.

  Our reporter Pan Junqiang

  On New Year’s Eve, every household in Songjiatun Village, Jiaolai Street, jiaozhou city City, Shandong Province, was happy with Spring Festival couplets and blessings.

  "Old man, take this dumpling out." The voice of his wife, Zhang Guirong, flew out of the house, full of anger. In the yard, Yang Wei ‘an was chatting with his neighbor. He answered, went into the main room and brought a whole set of dumplings with sorghum stalks into the side room. This is his family’s New Year’s Eve dinner. The old couple are over 70 years old and still healthy and tough.

  "Go, show you the new year’s goods prepared by my family." Zhang Guirong got up and pushed open the side door. The aroma was fragrant, fried yellow croaker, rice cake with dates, and Jiaodong big cake. She opened the refrigerator, chicken legs, dried rice, fish … … There are many kinds of patterns. "Before the Chinese New Year, it was difficult to eat a decent jiaozi." Zhang Guirong said. Nowadays, it is not only the Spring Festival couplets on her door that are booming, but also the better days. Four years ago, Yang Wei ‘an and his son Yang Xiaoliang got rid of poverty together. It was not easy to get back to poverty at the beginning, but now they are stable, have something to do and have a deposit. "Thanks to the help of the party and the government, we have a good day today." Yang Weian was filled with emotion.

  It was getting dark and my son Yang Xiaoliang came. My son separated after he got married, but it was less than 200 meters away from Yang Wei. On New Year’s Eve every year, Yang Xiaoliang’s family comes to spend the New Year with the old couple.

  On the New Year’s Eve dinner, the father and son sat on the kang, guarding jiaozi, and Yang Wei ‘an scalded the wine, chanting, "jiaozi drinks wine, and the more you eat, the more you have!"

  After half a bowl of wine, Yang Weian opened his mouth. Sixteen years ago, a car accident caused Yang Xiaoliang to suffer from a comminuted skull fracture, blindness in his left eye and disability. Parents are old, and Yang Xiaoliang can’t do heavy work. His daughter-in-law takes care of him and his children at home, and occasionally takes time out to do odd jobs to subsidize the family.

  The reason for the change is that Yang Xiaoliang wants her daughter to continue to study hard. The prostitute has been studying very well. "After high school, it is more expensive to pay tuition fees to buy materials than in primary and secondary schools." Yang Xiaoliang said that he thought about it for a long time and felt that raising sheep was the most suitable. "I have to thank the poverty alleviation cadres, help me apply for a poverty alleviation fund of 3,500 yuan, and buy a male, five mothers and six sheep. This is the seed of poverty alleviation; I have to thank the technicians of the animal husbandry and epidemic prevention departments for giving us free guidance. " Now, my daughter is in her senior year and has just taken the postgraduate exam.

  Now, there are more than 70 sheep at home. Yang Weian told Yang Xiaoliang that this year we will work harder to get rid of poverty and strive to get rich.

  Heilongjiang Mohe nonlocal tourists

  Meet in Beiji Village and Experience the Year of Northeast China.

  Our reporter Fang Yuan

  "Happy New Year! Give everyone a free New Year’s Eve dinner tonight! " On the morning of New Year’s Eve, in Arctic Village, Mohe City, Heilongjiang Province, he ye, the proprietress of the Youth Hostel’s Friends’ Home, set out. While introducing the activities in the evening to tourists, she filled the table with candy and nuts and handed out a few to everyone.

  It is the practice in the store to provide delicious New Year’s Eve dinner for everyone.

  Li Xiaoyun, a volunteer who helps in the store, is from Guangzhou. A month ago, she accidentally saw the information that the store was recruiting volunteers to be responsible for the reception at the front desk, so she went there with pleasure. Her job includes food and accommodation, and she can visit the Arctic Village after work. "I just want to experience the year here." She said that she experienced a lot of northeast folk customs this time, and she also learned to pack jiaozi with the proprietress.

  Stewed mushrooms with chicken, bumper harvest, pot-wrapped meat … … At 5 o’clock in the afternoon, the New Year’s Eve dinner was officially opened, and a series of delicious foods were served one after another. The atmosphere of 2008 allowed people who had never met each other to get to know each other quickly and come to raise your glass together.

  Hu Li, a tourist from Jiangsu, is the third time to come back to the Arctic Village. "I can’t play enough at once. The most important thing is that I really miss the food here." Said, and he picked up a frozen pear on the table, "this thing, we can’t eat it at all. Bite it down, it’s sweet and icy, and it tastes great! "

  Behind the good tourism experience is the efforts made by Mohe municipal government to optimize the tourism market.

  "Since December 20th last year, it is still hard to get a ticket to open a train from Harbin to Mohe every day. We set up a comprehensive administrative law enforcement brigade to make unannounced visits to scenic spots, find problems in advance and solve them well, and improve the comfort of tourism. " Feng Guangqing, Party Secretary and Director of Mohe Municipal Bureau of Culture, Sports, Radio, Film and Television and Tourism, said.

  During dinner, Hu Li discussed with his friends and went to other scenic spots in Heilongjiang in summer.

  "Let’s drink to the Arctic Village and have a happy New Year!" There was laughter in the room, and under the inky night sky, gorgeous fireworks lit up this tourist hotspot in the northernmost part of the motherland.

  Chongqing Jiangjin Poverty Alleviation Farmer Yang Wanliang

  Life is easy, and the annual meal is rich.

  Our reporter Liu Xinwu

  One yard, two houses. On one side is an adobe house, and the wooden door creaks when touched. On one side is a new house with white walls and black tiles, and the "New Year’s Eve" is here.

  As soon as the reporter entered the room, Yang Wanliang was enthusiastic, and oranges and sweets piled up on the table. The joy of the New Year is full of joy in Yang Wanliang’s face. "Now the days are better and the annual meal is richer!" Yang Wanliang dragged everyone around the house. There was a big barrel in the kitchen. When the lid was lifted, the bacon smelled delicious. In the vegetable garden, cabbage, radish and lettuce grow well.

  Braised pork is fragrant, boiled fish is fresh and tender, and lettuce leaves are green and appetizing … … This year’s dinner of Yang Wanliang’s family is much richer than in previous years.

  Piluo Village, where Yang Wanliang lives, is located in the south of Yongxing Town, jiangjin district, Chongqing, with high mountains and steep slopes. It was once a poor village at the municipal level, and 1/10 of them were poor households. Yang Wanliang was one of them. In order to help poor households increase their income, the village has formulated a "one household, one policy" assistance plan. At first, Yang Wanliang didn’t buy it, waiting for "relief". "Forget developing the industry, can you help me buy a mobile phone?"

  Help the poor first. Knowing the situation, Xu Yuanfeng, the first secretary in the village, intends to "stimulate" him and take him to visit poverty-stricken households. Seeing someone else’s new house, Yang Wanliang’s expression is somewhat complicated.

  After repeated persuasion, Yang Wanliang was determined to "do it". After careful comparison, he decided to raise chickens. The village helped him to contact and buy chicken seedlings, and asked experienced farmers to teach him by hand. Yang Wanliang raised 50 chickens in the first batch and got a grant. The agricultural cooperative helped him introduce buyers. With the help of policies, Yang Wanliang spent less than 20,000 yuan to build a new house. There are also public welfare posts in the village to help employment. In March 2019, he became a road cleaner with a monthly salary of more than 1,000 yuan. At the end of the year, Yang Wanliang calculated an account, earning 4,000 yuan from selling livestock and 10,000 yuan from sweeping the floor. Together with the income from selling chickens, he has earned more than 20,000 yuan in one year.

  In the second half of last year, Yang Wanliang got rid of poverty and took off his hat. In order to facilitate contact, he bought a smart phone and learned to use WeChat. "It’s so convenient, and you can video chat!"

  Villagers who moved in Zhuzhou, Hunan Province

  After eating this meal, it is a family.

  Our reporter Chen Yuanyuan.

  On New Year’s Eve, in the centralized resettlement site for ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation in Huachong Village, Longmen Town, Lukou District, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, villager Huang Yousheng had a special reunion dinner. Not only his family, but also his neighbors and village cadres had dinner.

  Referring to the change of living conditions, Huang Yousheng found out the photos of the old house. "My hometown is an adobe house, and the air leaks and the rain leaks." At the end of 2017, Huang Yousheng’s family moved into a new house at the resettlement site. "Now the house is big, and the income of the couple working together with poverty alleviation and dividends from the village industry is more than 50,000 yuan a year." Huang Yousheng’s neighbors are all villagers who moved from Huachong Village to help the poor. There are 8 households with 21 people, and now they have all got rid of poverty.

  Huang Yousheng’s father was seriously ill and his son was sick. The burden of life once overwhelmed him. "Now I am not poor. This year is a good year, and there will be more hope in the coming year."

  Into the resettlement site, hung red lanterns, brand-new Spring Festival couplets, put up a shed in front of the house, and put a brazier in the middle of the shed, which is warm and clean.

  In the greenhouse, the drama has begun. Jinghu solo, Flower Drum Opera, Pop Songs … … Wei Libin, a staff member of the literary squad of Zhuzhou Drama Heritage Center, performed six grounded programs with the team members in one breath. At the end of the performance, some villagers were not satisfied, so they simply went on stage and said a jingle: "The working team sent by the district was tired for poverty alleviation. They climbed high slopes in five years of cold and summer and tried their best to build a golden nest."

  The kitchen is next to the stage, and the local cookhouse squad with the best reputation personally cooks. I heard that it was a holiday for poor households. Master Fu Lima promised: "I have to cook this meal. Everyone comes from different places and eats this meal, which is a family." The menu design also shows the intention, symbolizing the "family portrait" of reunion and the deduction of meat … … 12 dishes, 8 banquets, everything is complete.

  Chen Xiangquan, an idle villager, came to help from another resettlement site early in the morning. In the past, Lao Chen earned less than 10 thousand yuan. "I am still young, how can I not live a good life?" Now, Lao Chengan raises and does business, earning nearly 80,000 yuan a year. When Mr. Chen was mentioned, everyone in the village gave a thumbs up.

  The new year breeds new hope. Wang Shuai, director of the Poverty Alleviation Office in Qikou District, said: "This year, we are heading for a well-off society in an all-round way, so that everyone’s life will flourish."

  Guangzhou Huangpu left-behind workers

  Stick to a foreign land on the construction site for the New Year.

  Our reporter Li Gang

  On New Year’s Eve, Pan Qingyu from Guilin, Guangxi, and more than 10 left-behind workers walked into the canteen of the construction site at the Nano Valley site of China Construction Railway Investment Rail Transit Company in Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong. At the age of 23, this year is the first time that he left his parents to spend the New Year in another country, so it is inevitable that he will miss home. But I am not lonely when I am talking and laughing with my workmates.

  According to Guangdong customs, on New Year’s Eve morning, Pan Qingyu put on new clothes and went to the nearby Guangzhou Knowledge City Flower Market with his workers. When in Rome, he did as the Romans do, chose a pot of azaleas, bought Spring Festival couplets and the word "Fu", went back to the construction site to carefully tidy up the dormitory, put up Spring Festival couplets and put flowers on it, and it was really the New Year.

  After the New Year’s dinner, the workers arrived, everyone gathered together, poured drinks and clinked glasses, and the atmosphere of the festival group year immediately came up.

  Unlike Pan Qingyu’s family’s new year’s big dish, today’s reunion dinner is just a pot of vegetables. A table is a pot, and a pot is a table. Not only he, but even Li Changbiao, the warehouse property manager who has worked outside for more than 30 years, has never seen this kind of New Year’s dinner. The most conspicuous thing in the "big pot dish" is a whole grouper, as well as big crabs, shrimps, boiled chicken, roasted goose, arrowhead mushrooms and tofu … … More than 10 hard dishes, put a big basin full of facts. This is the characteristic of the coastal areas of southern Guangdong, where one pot and one table are full, and through a pot full of layered dishes, it means reunion and wealth, hoping for a bumper harvest.

  Pan Qingyu told reporters that before the holiday, he had delivered the company’s Spring Festival gift package to his home, and bought a lot of new year’s goods online and sent them directly to his home, expressing his wishes to his parents through WeChat transfer.

  The New Year’s Eve dinner is indispensable in Guangdong, and everyone present has a share. Xiao Huajun and Wang Linhai, security guards from Ji ‘an, Jiangxi Province, were very happy to receive the red seal from the managers. Xiao Huajun said that he hasn’t received lucky money for many years, and this letter made him seem to have returned to his childhood.

  "Before the Chinese New Year, the company cancelled all kinds of dinners, but this meal for left-behind workers must not be saved." Hu Yangping, chairman of the labor union of China Construction Railway Rail Transit Company, said that the company’s development today was created by workers with their hands.

  Caption:

  Figure ①: Tourists enjoy the New Year’s Eve dinner in Arctic Village, Mohe, Heilongjiang.

  Photo by Li Xiaoyun (People’s Vision)

  Fig. 2: Members of the Xinjiang Forestry and Grassland Bureau’s team in Kumbulong Village, Aotebeixi Township, Wushi County, Aksu Prefecture gather to celebrate the Spring Festival.

  Our reporter Yang Mingfang photo

  Figure ③: Staff and children of poverty relief office in Lukou District, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province make decorations for the Spring Festival.

  Figure ④: Village cadres and villagers are preparing for the New Year’s Eve dinner in the centralized resettlement site for ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation in Huachong Village, Longmen Town, Lukou District.

  Zhu Gangshe (People’s Vision)

  Layout design: Cai Huawei

Statistics Bureau Announces Main Results of the Third National Agricultural Census

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  Cctv newsAccording to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, in order to find out the basic national conditions of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and find out the new development and changes of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the State Council organized the third national agricultural census. The standard time of this census is December 31, 2016, and the period data is 2016. The census targets include agricultural business households, households living in rural areas with confirmed (contracted) land or agricultural means of production, agricultural business units, villagers’ committees and township people’s governments. The main contents of the census are agricultural production capacity and its output, rural infrastructure and its basic social services, and farmers’ living conditions. The agricultural census adopts the method of comprehensive investigation, and the enumerators check and fill in all census objects one by one. A total of nearly 4 million census takers, census instructors and staff of census institutions at all levels have been mobilized nationwide, and 230 million farmers, 600,000 village-level units, 40,000 township-level units and more than 2 million agricultural business units have been registered. More than 50,000 workers were organized to carry out satellite remote sensing measurement on the sown area of staple crops such as grain and cotton, more than 100,000 scenes of satellite remote sensing data were processed, 110,000 quadrats and more than 20,000 sampling survey areas were investigated on the spot, more than 2,700 UAV flight surveys were carried out in the whole village, the spatial distribution of major crops planted in China was mastered, and the data on the sown area of major crops in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and major planting counties were obtained.

  According to the international practice, the State Council Agricultural General Office organized a spot check of data quality and evaluated the quality of census data. The results of comprehensive spot checks show that the omission rate of registered households in agricultural census is 0.19%, and the difference rate of census index data is 0.40%. The data quality meets the design standard.

  According to the relevant provisions of the National Agricultural Census Regulations, the State Council Agricultural General Office and the National Bureau of Statistics will issue census bulletins by stages to announce the main results of the census to the public.

  Basic situation of farmers in agriculture and rural areas

  The third national agricultural census investigated 31,925 townships, including 11,081 townships and 20,844 towns. 596,450 villages, including 556,264 village committees and 40,186 agriculture-related neighborhood committees; 3.17 million natural villages; 150,000 new rural settlements built after 2006.

  I. Agricultural business entities

  In 2016, there were 2.04 million agricultural business units in China. At the end of 2016, there were 1.79 million farmers’ cooperatives registered in the industrial and commercial departments, including 910,000 farmers’ cooperatives mainly engaged in agricultural production, operation or service registered in the agricultural census; 207.43 million agricultural business households, including 3.98 million large-scale agricultural business households. There are 314.22 million agricultural production and management personnel in China.

  Second, the ownership of agricultural machinery

  By the end of 2016, there were 26.9 million tractors, 5.13 million cultivators, 8.25 million rotary cultivators, 6.52 million seeders, 680,000 rice transplanters, 1.14 million combine harvesters and 10.31 million motorized threshers.

  Third, land use

  At the end of 2016, the cultivated land area [1] was 134,921 thousand hectares, the actually operated forest land area (excluding the ecological forest protection forest that was not included in the compensation area of ecological public welfare forest) was 203,046 thousand hectares, and the actually operated grassland (grassland) area was 224,388 thousand hectares. (Note [1]: The cultivated land area uses the data of the Ministry of Land and Resources)

  Fourth, rural infrastructure

  At the end of 2016, within the township area, 8.6% of townships had railway stations, 7.7% had docks, and 21.5% had expressways. 99.3% of villages have access to highways.

  By the end of 2016, 99.7% of villages in China had electricity and 11.9% had natural gas. 25.1% of villages have e-commerce distribution sites.

  By the end of 2016, 91.3% of towns and villages had centralized or partially centralized water supply, and 90.8% of township domestic garbage was centralized or partially centralized. 73.9% of village domestic garbage is treated centrally or partially, 17.4% of village domestic sewage is treated centrally or partially, and 53.5% of villages have completed or partially completed toilet improvement.

  V. Basic public services in rural areas

  By the end of 2016, 96.8% of townships had libraries and cultural stations, 11.9% had theaters and theaters, 16.6% had stadiums, and 70.6% had parks and leisure fitness squares. 59.2% of the villages have sports and fitness places.

  By the end of 2016, 96.5% of townships had kindergartens and nurseries, and 98.0% of townships had primary schools; 32.3% of villages have kindergartens and nurseries.

  By the end of 2016, 99.9% of townships had medical and health institutions, 98.4% had practicing (assistant) doctors, and 66.8% had social welfare adoption units. 81.9% of villages have clinics.

  VI. Living conditions of farmers

  By the end of 2016, 99.5% of households owned their own houses, 47.7% used purified tap water, and 36.2% used flush toilets.

  Note:

  1. Township: refers to townships and towns, including key towns, non-key towns and townships. It does not include street offices and management institutions such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery farms with township government functions.

  2. Village: refers to the area under the jurisdiction of villagers’ committees and agriculture-related residents’ committees.

  3. Natural village: refers to the village formed by the natural settlement of residents in rural areas, and natural villages should generally have their own names.

  4. Agricultural business households: refers to agricultural business households who live in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and are engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services.

  5. Large-scale agricultural business households: Large-scale agricultural business households refer to agricultural business households with large-scale agricultural operations and mainly commercial operations. The scale standard is:

  Planting: The land for planting crops in the open field in the one-year cropping system area reaches 100 mu or more, the land for planting crops in the open field in the two-year cropping system area reaches 50 mu or more, and the facilities for protected agriculture cover an area of 25 mu or more.

  Animal husbandry: annual slaughter of 200 pigs and above; Beef cattle slaughter 20 or more per year; There are 20 or more cows on hand; Slaughter 100 or more in the Year of the Sheep; Broilers and ducks slaughter 10,000 or more per year; There are 2,000 laying hens and ducks on hand; Goose slaughter 1000 and above a year.

  Forestry: The operating forest land area reaches 500 mu and above.

  Fishery: the freshwater or marine aquaculture area reaches 50 mu or more; 1 fishing motor boat with a length of 24 meters or more; 2 fishing motor boats with a length of 12 meters or more; Other ways of fishery business income of 300 thousand yuan and above.

  Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Services: operational income, which provides agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services outside the household, has reached 100,000 yuan and above.

  Others: agricultural operators who fail to meet any of the above conditions, but the total annual sales of various agricultural products in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry reaches 100,000 yuan or more, such as various specialty planting industries and large aquaculture enterprises.

  6. Agricultural business units: refer to legal entities and unregistered units mainly engaged in agricultural production and business operations in People’s Republic of China (PRC), as well as agricultural industrial activity units in legal entities or unregistered units not mainly engaged in agricultural production and business operations. It includes farms, forest farms, farms, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery farms, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery service units and farmers’ cooperatives with actual agricultural business activities; It also includes agricultural industrial activity units affiliated to state organs, social organizations, schools, scientific research units, industrial and mining enterprises, villagers’ committees, residents’ committees, foundations and other units.

  7. Agricultural production and operation personnel: refers to the number of personnel who have been engaged in agricultural production and operation activities for more than 30 days in agricultural business households or agricultural business units (including part-time personnel).

  8. Farmers’ cooperatives: refers to farmers’ mutual-aid economic organizations with the name of cooperatives, which meet the requirements of the Farmers’ Professional Cooperatives Law on the nature of cooperatives, conditions and procedures for establishment, rights and obligations of members, organizational structure and financial management, and have agricultural production and management or agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services. Including farmers’ cooperatives that have been registered in the industrial and commercial departments, and those that have not been registered but meet the above requirements, excluding joint-stock cooperative enterprises, community economic cooperatives, supply and marketing cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives, etc. registered in the company name. Nor does it include farmers’ cooperatives engaged in non-agricultural industries such as purchasing agricultural means of production, processing, storage, transportation and sales of agricultural products.

  9. Tractors: refer to tractors with rated engine power above 2.2 kW (including 2.2 kW), including small four-wheeled tractors and hand-held tractors.

  10. Ploughing machine: refers to the machine driven by its own engine, which is mainly engaged in paddy field and dry field ploughing operation, including micro-tillers and farm management machines.

  11. Rotary tiller: refers to the tillage machinery that completes the tillage and harrowing operations with tractors.

  12. Seeder: including drill seeder, hole seeder, special-shaped seed seeder, small seed seeder, rhizome seed seeder, seeder, no-tillage seeder, etc.

  13. Rice transplanter: refers to the machine with its own power-driven operation used for rice transplanter.

  14. Combine harvester: refers to a machine that can complete cutting (ear picking), threshing, separation, cleaning and other processes of crop harvesting at one time. Include a rice-wheat combine and a corn combine.

  15. Motor thresher: refers to the working machinery driven by power machinery to thresh crops.

  16. The actual forestland area: refers to the forestland area actually used by agricultural business households and agricultural business units in the census year. Woodland refers to the land where trees, bamboos and shrubs grow and the land where mangroves grow along the coast. Including the trace land, excluding the land for greening trees in residential areas, trees within the scope of land acquisition by railways and highways, and dike forests of rivers and ditches. Does not include the ecological forest protection forest that is not included in the compensation area of ecological public welfare forest.

  17. The actual grassland (grassland) area: refers to the grassland (grassland) area actually used by agricultural business households and agricultural business units in the census year. Pasture refers to the land that mainly grows herbs and is used for animal husbandry.

  18. Towns with railway stations: refers to the stations set up by the national railway department within the jurisdiction of towns that can normally transport goods or passengers.

  19. Towns with docks: refers to the structures built along the coast, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. within the jurisdiction of towns and villages, which are mainly used for the transportation of goods or passengers. It does not include the water in the park, which is only for cruise ships to dock.

  20. Villages and towns with highway entrances and exits: refers to the existence of highway entrances and exits within the jurisdiction of villages and towns that meet the requirements of the Technical Standards for Highway Engineering of the Ministry of Communications of China.

  21. Villages with e-commerce distribution sites: refer to distribution sites serving new commodity trading modes such as online shopping in the village area.

  22. Villages and towns with centralized or partial water supply: refer to villages and towns where all or part of households drink tap water through urban and rural tap water pipeline networks.

  23. Villages with centralized treatment or partial centralized treatment of domestic garbage refer to villages with garbage disposal facilities for centralized garbage disposal, or without garbage disposal facilities, but with unified centralized garbage removal and disposal.

  24. Villages with centralized treatment or partial centralized treatment of domestic sewage refer to villages with sewage treatment facilities for centralized treatment, or without sewage treatment facilities, sewage is collected in a unified and centralized way and treated by other units.

  25. Villages that have completed or partially completed the renovation of latrines refer to villages that have completed or partially completed the renovation of open-air septic tanks, cesspits, dry toilets and simple toilets. Most or all residents use toilets with septic tanks, biogas digesters or three compartments, and some residents use public toilets or other designated places in the village as dumping places.

  26. Villages and towns with libraries and cultural stations: refer to the libraries and cultural stations that have been approved by the cultural management department and are open to the public within the jurisdiction of villages and towns, excluding the library in the unit.

  27. Towns with theatres and theaters: refers to the special theaters with independent accounting, theaters which are in charge of cultural departments and can perform plays, theaters which also show movies, and non-independent accounting theaters and rehearsals affiliated to theaters and groups that are open for business.

  28. Towns with stadiums and gymnasiums: refer to those with stadiums and gymnasiums within the jurisdiction of towns and villages. A stadium refers to an outdoor track and field with a 400-meter runway (including a football field in the center), fixed kerbs, more than six runways and fixed stands. Gymnasium refers to an indoor sports ground with fixed stands for basketball, volleyball, badminton, table tennis and gymnastics. Including all kinds of sports venues opened to the outside world by schools, enterprises and institutions, but excluding sports fitness squares.

  29. Villages and towns with parks and leisure fitness squares refer to places within the jurisdiction of villages and towns that have been approved by relevant administrative departments for residents’ leisure and play.

  30. A village with a sports fitness center: refers to a village where there are sports activity stations, gymnasiums and places with fixed places and necessary facilities organized by village collectives, individuals or other institutions, mainly for the purpose of serving the public.

  31. Townships (villages) with kindergartens and nurseries refer to kindergartens and nurseries, including preschool classes, within the jurisdiction of townships (villages), and kindergartens and nurseries run by individuals of a certain scale (with more than 10 children) without the approval of relevant departments.

  32. Towns with primary schools: refers to schools within the jurisdiction of townships that have been approved by the education departments at or above the county level and mainly implement primary school teaching plans to recruit school-age children.

  33. Towns with medical and health institutions: refers to the units that have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions and the Technical Service License of Family Planning from the administrative department of health, or obtained the registration certificate of legal entity from the administrative departments of civil affairs, industry and commerce, and establishment management, and provided medical care, disease control, health supervision services or engaged in medical research and medical on-the-job training for the society. Medical and health institutions include hospitals, primary medical and health institutions, professional public health institutions and other medical and health institutions.

  34. Villages and towns with practicing (assistant) doctors refer to those who have one or more doctors’ practicing licenses and their grades as practicing doctors and assistant doctors and are actually engaged in medical treatment, prevention and health care, excluding doctors who have practicing licenses but are actually engaged in management.

  35. Towns and villages with social welfare adoption units refer to towns and villages with social welfare institutions such as disabled revolutionary soldiers’ rest homes, retired soldiers’ sanatoriums for chronic diseases, mental hospitals for retired soldiers, glorious hospitals, social welfare homes, children’s welfare homes, psychiatric welfare homes, and elderly adoption institutions (nursing homes, nursing homes, elderly apartments) that provide accommodation and accommodation within the township jurisdiction.

  36. Villages with clinics: refers to villages with clinics (institutes and stations) established by various economic organizations and individuals with the permission of medical authorities at or above the county level. Clinics (institutes and stations) need to have fixed business premises, mainly engaged in medical and health activities. It does not include professional dentists, and units mainly engaged in drug sales activities.

  37. Housing: generally refers to a house with walls, roofs, doors, windows and other structures, surrounded by walls, which can protect people from wind and rain. According to local living habits, caves, bamboo houses, yurts, tents, felt houses and boathouses that can be used for living are also included.

  38. Purified tap water refers to water that is purified and disinfected by waterworks or centralized purification facilities and meets the national drinking water standards for people’s lives.

  39. Flushing sanitary toilet (flushing into sewer, septic tank and toilet pit): refers to a toilet with a water supply and drainage system, or a spare bucket (ladle flushing) in the toilet room, and a water seal or waterless seal for sitting or squatting, and feces and sewage are flushed into sewer, septic tank and toilet pit without flies and environmental pollution.

Eleven departments, including the General Administration of Market Supervision, concentrated on exposing a number of typical cases of illegal crimes in the medical beauty industry.

Cctv newsAccording to the news of WeChat official account, eleven departments, including the General Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Health and Wellness Commission, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Taxation, the National Network Information Office, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Medical Products Administration, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, have continuously intensified their efforts to crack down on illegal and criminal activities in the field of medical beauty, and now a number of typical cases are selected for centralized exposure.

1. Chen Moumou and Zhu Moumou illegally engaged in medical beauty activities.

According to the information reported by the masses, the investigation by the Health and Health Bureau of Longyou County, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province found that Chen Moumou, Zhu Moumou and others carried out medical beauty services such as injecting hyaluronic acid and face-lifting needles in the residential quarters without obtaining the Practice License of Medical Institutions. The behavior of the party concerned violates the relevant provisions of the Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

In September 2022, the Health Bureau of Longyou County, Quzhou City imposed an administrative penalty of 277,500 yuan on the parties according to law.

Second, Xiong Moumou illegally carried out medical beauty activities.

According to the information of complaints and reports, the investigation of Qianjiang Health and Health Committee of Hubei Province found that Xiong bought medical beauty equipment and medicines such as microcrystalline head, syringe and botulinum toxin without obtaining the Practice License of Medical Institutions, and carried out medical beauty services such as botulinum toxin injection and wrinkle removal for many times in the life beauty place. The behavior of the party concerned violates the relevant provisions of the Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

In October, 2022, Qianjiang Health and Wellness Committee imposed an administrative penalty of confiscating drugs and devices and fined 280,000 yuan on the parties.

Three, Hangzhou Tayan e-commerce partnership (limited partnership) uncensored release of medical advertisements.

The network inspection of Hangzhou Market Supervision Bureau in Zhejiang Province found that Hangzhou Tayan E-commerce Partnership (Limited Partnership) was suspected of publishing illegal advertisements during the live broadcast. According to the investigation, in May 2022, the party concerned launched a live broadcast with the theme of "Beauty-changing Special Session" in the live broadcast studio in Weibo. In addition to the necessary information of the service, the party also publicized the contents of "Furman Collagen+30U of newly imported thin face is white and tender after being finished", which were not reviewed by the advertising review organ. The behavior of the party concerned violates the relevant provisions of the Advertising Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

In November 2022, Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Bureau imposed an administrative penalty of 539,600 yuan on the parties according to law.

4. The false propaganda case of Hainan Boao Laifukaier Medical Center Co., Ltd.

Without the corresponding authorization or cooperation, the parties announced through their platforms such as official website and WeChat WeChat official account that "the medical center has established long-term technical cooperation with Oxford University in the UK and Tokyo University in Japan, and has good doctor resources at home and abroad to meet the various medical needs of customers". "The partners are Oxford University in the UK … …” Wait for the content. Deceiving and misleading consumers through false or misleading commercial propaganda, and the behavior of the parties concerned violates the relevant provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

In February 2023, qionghai city Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau imposed an administrative penalty of 200,000 yuan on the parties.

5. Nanjing Huaguan Medical Co., Ltd. engaged in the third kind of medical device business activities without permission.

Nanjing Market Supervision Bureau of Jiangsu Province inspected Nanjing Huaguan Medical Co., Ltd. according to the clues. After investigation, it was found that the parties rented the third class medical devices to seven medical and beauty institutions in Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo and Hefei without obtaining the business license of medical devices. The behavior of the parties violated the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Medical Devices.

In October 2022, the Nanjing Municipal Market Supervision Bureau imposed an administrative penalty of 461,500 yuan on the parties according to law.

Sixth, the case of illegal medical practice by Shan Moumou

The defendant, Shan Moumou, engaged in medical beauty activities in Yongzhen Township, Yongqiao District, Suzhou City, Anhui Province without obtaining a doctor qualification certificate, a doctor practice certificate and a medical institution practice license. On April 15, 2021, Shan Moumou used liquid nitrogen cryotherapy to freckle the victim, causing a large area of frostbite on the victim’s face. After identification, the victim’s face was frostbitten by liquid nitrogen and left a massive scar with a disability level of nine.

In September 2022, the People’s Procuratorate of Yongqiao District of Suzhou City prosecuted the defendant Shan Moumou for the crime of illegal medical practice, and Shan Moumou pleaded guilty and pleaded guilty. On October 12, 2022, the People’s Court of Yongqiao District, Suzhou City sentenced the defendant Shan Moumou to one year and six months in prison for the crime of illegal medical practice, and fined him RMB20,000. The judgment has taken legal effect.

7. Chen’s case of selling counterfeit registered trademarks.

Chen’s goods selling counterfeit registered trademarks (Chinese name is Remaji) are trademarks approved to be registered on products such as "lasers for facial and skin medical treatment and beauty treatment", and the above trademarks are within the validity period of registration. The work of the public security organs found that from the beginning of 2020 to October 2021, the defendant Chen Moumou rented the office while knowing that the products purchased from Su Moumou (handled separately) were counterfeit registered trademark goods, and purchased the above-mentioned counterfeit registered trademark instruments, probes and other goods from Su Moumou, which were sold to others by Chen Moumou and his employees through WeChat and other channels. After auditing, Chen and his employees sold counterfeit hot Maggie goods totaling more than 3.5 million yuan.

On July 22, 2022, the third branch of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Procuratorate prosecuted the defendant Chen Moumou for the crime of selling goods with counterfeit registered trademarks, and put forward suggestions for determining sentencing. Chen pleaded guilty and pleaded guilty. In September 2022, Shanghai No.3 Intermediate People’s Court adopted all the criminal facts and sentencing suggestions accused by the procuratorate, and sentenced Chen to three years and ten months in prison for selling goods with counterfeit registered trademarks, and fined him RMB 1 million. The illegal income from withdrawal and seized counterfeit goods were confiscated. The defendant Chen did not appeal, and the judgment has taken legal effect.

Eight, Xu Moumou and others fraud case

Since 2019, Xu Moumou and others have defrauded more than 3 million yuan from many victims in many beauty clinics in Chaoyang District and Haidian District of Beijing on the grounds of recruiting high-paying positions and requiring plastic surgery.

The Chaoyang Branch of Beijing Public Security Bureau arrested the suspect, and the Chaoyang District People’s Procuratorate comprehensively reviewed the evidence materials and prosecuted according to law. In September 2022, Xu Moumou and others were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from one year and five months to ten years and six months. The judgment has taken legal effect and the victims’ losses have basically been recovered.

Nine, Zhejiang Hangzhou "9 20" obstruction of drug management case

The work of the public security organs in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province found that Zhao and others used the Internet to buy naked freeze-dried powder, bottle caps, counterfeit packaging materials, label paper, instructions, etc., organized personnel to package and produce counterfeit botulinum toxin of well-known brands in a rented room, developed agents at different levels, and realized terminal sales through institutions such as beauty salons.

At present, the public security organs have arrested 20 criminal suspects, destroyed a storage den, and seized more than 500 bottles of botulinum toxin and more than 1,000 counterfeit packaging materials, involving more than 32 million yuan.

X. Case of Wang Moumou and others obstructing drug management

The work of the public security organs in Siping City, Jilin Province found that Wang Moumou and others purchased all kinds of semi-finished products and packaging materials of bare bottles of medical beauty products, packed and produced counterfeit well-known brands of botulinum toxin, water-light needles and fat-dissolving needles in rented houses, and sold them to the outside world through WeChat and participation in exhibitions at the US Expo.

At present, the public security organs have arrested 21 criminal suspects, and seized more than 150,000 pieces of medical beauty products and more than 200,000 pieces of packaging materials, such as botulinum toxin, water-light needles and fat-dissolving needles, involving more than 15 million yuan.

It is understood that 11 departments, including the General Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Health and Wellness Commission, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Taxation, the National Network Information Office, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Medical Products Administration, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, have continuously intensified their efforts to crack down on illegal and criminal activities in the medical and beauty industry since they launched special actions to deal with outstanding problems in the medical and beauty industry.

Announcement of 2016 Beijing Civil Service Examination Employment was released

In order to meet the needs of the recruitment of civil servants (Weibo) in Beijing organs at all levels, according to the relevant provisions of the Civil Service Law and the recruitment of civil servants, the Organization Department of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security will organize the implementation of the 2016 Beijing examination for the recruitment of civil servants below the chief clerk and other non-leadership positions at equivalent positions. The relevant matters are hereby announced as follows:

First, the application conditions

(1) Having People’s Republic of China (PRC) nationality;

(two) more than 18 years old and less than 35 years old (born between November 8, 1979 and November 8, 1997);

(3) Supporting the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC);

(4) Having good conduct;

(5) Having physical conditions for performing their duties normally;

(six) have the ability to work in line with the requirements of the position;

(7) Having a college education or above;

(eight) have other qualifications required by the competent department of civil servants in Beijing.

In addition to some special positions and professional positions, municipal authorities mainly recruit people who have been in grassroots work experience for more than 2 years. Grassroots positions such as streets, towns and villages located in hard and remote areas take measures to appropriately lower the entry threshold according to Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Examination and Recruitment of Grassroots Civil Servants in Hard and Remote Areas (No.61 [2014] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security) and Implementation Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Examination and Recruitment of Grassroots Civil Servants in Hard and Remote Areas of Our City (No.141 [2015] of the Beijing People’s Society). Newly recruited civil servants should sign a minimum service period of five years (including probation period)

If the recruitment position clearly requires grassroots work experience, the applicants must have the corresponding grassroots work experience. Grassroots work experience refers to the experience of working in township (town), street party and government organs, grass-roots teams, stations and institutes in vertical management departments, state-owned enterprises and institutions, village (community) organizations, other economic organizations and social organizations. Working experience in military regiments and units below the regimental level, and the experience of retired soldiers in active service in the military can be regarded as grassroots work experience. The above calculation time of grassroots work experience is as of November 8, 2015.

Servicemen, non-fresh graduates, serving civil servants and staff of organs (units) who refer to the management of the Civil Service Law are not allowed to apply for the exam.

Persons who have received criminal punishment for crimes and those who have been dismissed from public office, those who have been found to have serious violations of employment discipline such as fraud in the recruitment of civil servants at all levels, those who have been dismissed from civil servants and staff of organs (units) managed by reference to the Civil Service Law for less than five years, and those who are not allowed to be employed as civil servants according to laws and regulations are not allowed to apply for the exam. Applicants are not allowed to apply for the recruitment position in avoidance relationship.

Second, the application procedure

(1) Job inquiry

For details of the recruitment number, specific positions, examination categories and qualifications of each recruitment agency, please refer to the Recruitment Guide for Civil Servants in the 2016 Annual Examination of Beijing Authorities at All Levels (hereinafter referred to as the Recruitment Guide).

Candidates can check the Recruitment Guide through the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (http://www.bjrbj.gov.cn).

1. The recruitment position is for those who serve grassroots project personnel, such as college graduates who come to the village after the contract expires in 2016. It is limited to those who serve grassroots project personnel, such as college graduates who come to the village after the contract expires in 2016, who are employed as assistant to the secretary of the village party branch, assistant to the director of the village committee and assistant to the chairman of the farmers’ professional cooperative in accordance with the relevant regulations of our city, and who are still on the job at the time of registration for the civil service examination. According to the relevant regulations of our city, those who serve grassroots projects such as college graduates in the village are identified as candidates to be hired. They must fulfill the relevant contracts such as the employment contract of the assistant secretary of the village party branch, the assistant director of the village Committee and the assistant director of the farmers’ professional cooperative for three years and pass the examination before they can go through the civil service recruitment procedures.

2. The recruitment position is for college students who retired after the expiration of their service in 2016. It is limited to students of full-time general higher education who are enrolled in accordance with the national enrollment plan for ordinary colleges and universities, and 2016 fresh graduates who joined the army from our city during their school years and resumed their studies after retiring after the expiration of their service (excluding graduates from foreign vocational or junior college students); Retired soldiers who joined the army from our city in the year of graduation and retired from active service in 2015 entered the exam.

3. If the recruitment position is for the 2016 fresh graduates, it is limited to the 2016 fresh graduates of Beijing Shengyuan in full-time ordinary colleges and universities and ordinary higher vocational and technical colleges listed in the national unified enrollment plan (excluding orientation and commissioning), and the 2016 fresh graduates of full-time ordinary colleges and universities listed in the national unified enrollment plan (excluding orientation and commissioning) in Beijing. The 2016 fresh graduates (excluding orientation and evaluation) who were listed in the "985 Project" universities outside Beijing and won the "three good students", "outstanding student cadres" or "outstanding student scholarships" above the school level; Full-time ordinary colleges and universities that meet the qualifications of some special positions and are included in the national unified enrollment plan (excluding orientation and commission training) can only apply for these special positions if they are not from Beijing.

4. If the recruitment position is for the disabled, it is limited to the disabled who have a permanent residence in Beijing and the personnel and administrative relationship is in Beijing at the time of registration for the civil service examination, and meet the qualifications for the recruitment position (excluding the non-Beijing graduates in 2015 and the non-Beijing graduates whose household registration files are kept in the school) and the disabled graduates in 2016.

5. If the recruitment position requires that the "minimum age of grassroots work experience" is more than two years (including two years), it is limited to those who have permanent residence in Beijing, have personnel and administrative relations in Beijing and have been in grassroots work experience for more than two years (including two years) as of the time of civil service examination registration (excluding non-Beijing graduates in 2015 and non-Beijing graduates with household registration files kept in the school).

6. If the recruitment position requires "the minimum age of grassroots work experience" to be "unlimited", it is limited to those who have permanent residence in Beijing and have personnel and administrative relations in Beijing as of the time of registration for the civil service examination (excluding non-Beijing graduates in 2015 and previous graduates of non-Beijing students whose household registration files are kept in the school) and fresh graduates in 2016.

When you need to consult the information such as major, education background, degree, qualifications, grassroots work experience and remarks in the Recruitment Guide, please contact the recruitment agency directly, and the telephone number of the recruitment agency can be inquired through the Recruitment Guide.

Please refer to the Registration Guide for details about the registration policy, registration network technology and examination arrangements in the examination room.

(2) Online registration

This exam registration is mainly conducted by online registration. Applicants can log on to the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau for online registration.

Online registration is conducted according to the following procedures:

1。 Submit an application for admission. Applicants can log on to the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau from 9: 00 on November 8, 2015 to 17: 00 on November 12, 2015 and submit their application. Applicants can only choose one position in one department (unit) to register, and the registration must be consistent with their valid resident ID card used during the examination. When registering, applicants should carefully read the letter of commitment of good faith, and the application materials submitted should be true and accurate. Applicants who provide false application materials will be disqualified once verified. Whoever forges or alters relevant documents, materials and information to defraud the examination qualification will be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions on violation of discipline and discipline in the civil service recruitment examination.

2。 Query the qualification examination results. Applicants should log on to the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau from November 8, 2015 to November 13, 2015 to check whether they have passed the qualification examination.

(3) Registration confirmation and online printing of admission tickets.

Those who pass the qualification examination will log on to the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau for online confirmation and online payment within the specified time when they sign up, and download and print the admission ticket from the website themselves within the specified time when they sign up. Those who fail to register and confirm on schedule or fail to pay fees according to regulations are deemed to have given up the exam automatically.

Third, the content, time and place of the examination

(A) written examination of public subjects

1. Examination subjects

Public subjects include administrative professional aptitude test and application. Candidates are required to take the administrative professional aptitude test and the application examination.

2. Time and place of written examination of public subjects

The time for written examination of public subjects is December 12th, 2015 (Saturday). The specific arrangements are as follows:

9: 00 a.m.-11: 00 a.m. Administrative professional aptitude test

14: 00-16: 30 p.m.

The written test will be held in Beijing. See the admission ticket for the specific location.

This recruitment does not specify a counseling book, nor does it hold or entrust any institution to hold an exam counseling training class.

3, score line determination and query results

After the written examination of public subjects, the qualified scores are determined according to the number of applicants and the test results. Candidates can log on to the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau in mid-January 2016 to check their scores.

4. Print transcripts

Candidates who have passed the written test in public subjects can print the notice of results through the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, which can be used as a voucher for me to participate in interviews and transfers in various units.

For grass-roots posts such as streets, towns and villages in hard and remote areas, the policy will be tilted when drawing the minimum qualified score line.

(2) Interview and professional subject examination

According to the proportion of interview candidates specified in the Recruitment Guide, the list of candidates for interviews and professional subject examinations is determined in the order of high written test scores of public subjects, and it is uniformly published on the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau.

Among them, the recruitment positions of the Municipal Public Security Bureau for public security graduates are sorted according to the ratio of the written test scores of public subjects to the test scores of public security professional knowledge of 1: 1.

Candidates who take part in interviews and professional subject examinations must be re-qualified. The re-qualification includes the examination of candidates’ household registration, identity, education, relevant grades, qualifications, qualification certificates and the proof that their units agree to apply.

After the qualification review, the number of people who have passed the minimum qualified score line of the written examination of public subjects has not reached the required interview ratio, and the candidates must be transferred. Transfer positions, the list of candidates who meet the transfer conditions, and the contact information of transfer positions are uniformly published on the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. Transfer registration is the responsibility of the relevant recruitment agencies. Applicants whose written test scores of public subjects reach the qualified score line and meet the qualifications of the positions to be transferred can participate in the transfer. The candidates for transfer shall be determined in the order from high to low in the written test scores of public subjects of the transfer applicants. Specific matters such as qualification review and transfer registration can be found on the website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau after the written test results of public subjects are announced.

The interview will be conducted from February 27th, 2016 to March 2nd, 2016.

The calculation method of the comprehensive score of general positions is: 50% of the written test and interview scores of public subjects, 50% of the interview scores and professional subject test scores of professional subjects, and the written test, interview and professional subject test scores of public subjects are all converted into percentile, and the professional subject test scores generally do not exceed 15% of the comprehensive score.

For positions where the ratio of the number of individuals participating in the interview to the number of employment plans is less than 3: 1, the interview scores of applicants should reach the average score of all the people interviewed by their interview examiner group using the same set of interview questions or the interview qualified score line determined by the recruitment agency in the interview announcement before entering the medical examination and inspection.

Fourth, physical examination and investigation

After the interview and the examination of professional subjects, the candidates who will enter the physical examination and inspection will be determined according to the order from high to low comprehensive scores. Candidates can check their interview results on the websites of recruitment agencies.

V. Publicize the list of persons to be employed.

The personnel to be hired shall be comprehensively considered by the recruitment agency according to the prescribed procedures and standards from those who have passed the examination results, inspection and physical examination results, and shall be selected and publicized on the websites of the recruitment agencies. The publicity content includes the name of the position, the name of the employee, gender, the admission ticket number, education background, and the work unit (the graduate school filled by the fresh graduates). At the same time, the report phone number is announced and accepted by the society. The publicity period is 5 working days.

Organization Department of Beijing Municipal Committee of CPC

Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security

November 6, 2015

    Source: Beijing People’s Insurance Bureau

Ocean Net’s new car planning for the second half of the year Seal 05/Seal 06GT/Sea Lion 05

In the last issue, we talked about the new car planning of Dynasty Network. Today, let’s talk about the new cars of BYD Ocean Network in 2024. Previously, the models of the ocean network were chaotic, including marine animals and ships. Moreover, they will be named in the form of sea lion/+numbers, which is likely to be changed when the model is changed.

Seal 05 (destroyer 05)

Seal 05 is the previous one. Due to the change of naming rules, it is included in the seal series. However, there is no information about it for the time being, so there are two possibilities. One is that it is simply renamed, and the other is that it is renamed when it is changed, which means that it will take some time for the new model to meet us.

Seal 06 GT

The new car of Ocean Network is positioned as a compact hatchback, which is relatively rare in BYD brand. After getting bigger and bigger, BYD began to do something different. Meet the needs of more consumers.

From the spy photos, Seal 06 GT and Seal 06 DM-i have the same design elements, such as the upper part of the front face, headlights and net, and the shadow of Seal 06 DM-i can be seen. However, the lower part of the front face, the large-sized air intake grille, is very exaggerated. Add D-pillar dark decorative board to create a suspended roof and segmented tail. Taillights are treated through, and the bottom is surrounded by a diffuser.

The new car has a body length of 4630mm and a wheelbase of 2820mm, which is obviously a pure electric body structure. There will be a single motor rear drive and two power modes. The maximum power of the motor in the rear drive version is 160kW and 165kW, and a 110kW front motor is added in the four-wheel drive version. The cruising range of CLTC is 505 km, 605 km and 550 km.

Seal 07 (seal+seal DM-i)

In fact, it is the former seal EV and seal DM-i, and it may be called seal 07 EV and seal 07 DM-i in the future. In fact, there are essential differences between the two cars, not the same platform. The appearance has not changed much, mainly due to renaming and technical updating.

In terms of design, Seal 07 EV is basically the same as the current seal, and it is still a more dynamic design. The multi-banner daytime running lights are conspicuous and placed in front of the air vents on both sides. Give people a strong sense of science and technology. In the spy photos, I can vaguely see the words "Seal 07" at the rear of the car, and I don’t know whether this camouflage sticker was deliberately not attached or was uncovered.

The new car will use the upgraded E platform 3.0 Evo and 800V high-voltage electrical architecture, which will improve the battery energy release, transmission efficiency and charging efficiency. It may be equipped with BYD’s latest advanced intelligent driving assistance and laser radar, which will change the disadvantages of BYD in the past.

The appearance of seal 07 DM-i basically continues the design of the old seal DM-i. In addition to the name change, the most important thing in this update is the use of a brand-new DM5.0 system. It is expected that there will be two options: a 1.5L naturally aspirated engine and a 1.5T turbocharged engine. The maximum power is 74 kW and 115 kW respectively, and the motor power is 160kW and 200kW respectively.

Sea lion 05

It is a new car in Ocean Net, positioning compact SUV, and it is likely to be a sister car. But there are differences in modeling design.

From the declaration map of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, we can see the large-size mesh, horizontal chrome-plated strips, long and narrow lights, and the vents around the two sides, which are visually more dynamic. The tail of the car has the logo of Sea Lion 05, and through taillights are used. The body length reaches 4710mm and the wheelbase is 2712mm. It is expected to be updated at the same time as Song Pro, using DM5.0 system. The maximum power of 1.5L engine is 74kW, and the motor power is 120kW.

Sea lion 06 (song PLUS)

Sea lion 06 is actually Song PLUS. As we said earlier, Ocean Net needs to reorganize its name. After selling Song PLUS for so many years, some consumers still don’t know if it is a dynasty series. With the listing of L DM-i in Song Dynasty, there are also models of this level on sale in Dynasty Network, and the name Song PLUS has completed its historical mission. There is no reason to continue to sell it on Ocean Network with this name.

However, the Song PLUS DM-i has just been updated some time ago. It is not clear whether a new model will be launched or just a name change.

Sea lion 07 (frigate 07)

Sea lion 07 EV was launched in May this year, and it is a sister car with Song L EV. However, the sea lion 07 DM-i has been slow to move. We guess it may be listed with Don DM-i, and they should be regarded as sister cars.

According to the latest spy photos, Sea Lion 07 DM-i is still in the early testing stage, and many covering parts have not got on the bus, but it can be seen that there is little difference in body structure between it and the old models, and it still focuses on home use, with a small slip angle and considerable internal space. It is expected that the new car will also use the DM5.0 system, with better fuel consumption.

It seems that the rhythm of the new car on the ocean network side is not as radical as that of the dynasty next door, but it is quite complicated compared with other brands. There are also many new cars that have something to watch, many models that are in line with the dynasty, and some products that face young consumers like Seal 06 GT, which can attract more consumer groups.

Just now! Biden, big announcement!

On the first day of September, good news came from the Middle East.

On September 1st, Reuters reported that US President Joe Biden told reporters in Hobosbeach, Delaware that he was "still optimistic" about reaching a ceasefire agreement to end the conflict. "I think we are close to reaching an agreement," he said. "It’s time to end this war."

From today on, Gaza has ushered in a brief peace. According to the World Health Organization, the Israeli military and Hamas have agreed to divide the Gaza into three areas, each of which will suspend fighting for three days in order to vaccinate 640,000 children in Gaza with the first round of polio vaccine. Vaccination activities began on September 1st.

The humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza has rekindled hopes for the almost stalled Palestinian-Israeli ceasefire negotiations. The White House recently said that it hopes to make a breakthrough in reaching a ceasefire agreement, which is in line with the three-stage ceasefire negotiation plan announced by US President Biden at the end of May. US media reported that American and Israeli officials said that negotiations would continue in Cairo and Doha this week.

Biden has the latest statement on the ceasefire.

On September 1st, Reuters reported that US President Joe Biden told reporters in Hobosbeach, Delaware that he was "still optimistic" about reaching a ceasefire agreement to end the conflict.

"I think we are close to reaching an agreement," he said. "It’s time to end this war."

Biden added, "People are continuing to meet. We think we can reach an agreement, and they all agree with these principles. "

According to reports, Israel claimed that many bodies were found in the fighting in Gaza, and the Israeli military is conducting salvage and identification work on the bodies, which will take several hours.

This discovery means that some of the approximately 100 hostages still held there may have died.

Israel asked the public not to spread rumors about the identity of the body.

Biden said that his staff kept in touch with the Israelis and confirmed that they had found the body in Gaza. He wasn’t sure about the exact number of bodies. Biden added that he has no right to confirm the identity of the body at present.

Biden told reporters in Hobos Beach, Delaware: "There is a lot of speculation about who they are and their names. At present, I have no right to disclose this information before notifying the families of the deceased. "

Gaza’s Ministry of Health said in a statement on Saturday that since October 7 last year, Israeli military attacks on the Gaza have killed more than 40,000 Palestinians and injured about 94,000 others.

According to CCTV news client, on August 31st, local time, Israeli people and relatives of Israeli detainees held a large-scale protest in Tel Aviv, calling on the Israeli government to take immediate action to reach a ceasefire agreement with Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) and release Israeli detainees as soon as possible.

A rare temporary ceasefire

On August 31st, Global Times quoted Reuters as saying that pipper Cohen, the representative of the World Health Organization in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, issued a statement at the United Nations Headquarters on the 29th, saying that the Israeli military and Hamas had agreed to divide the Gaza into three areas, each of which would suspend fighting for three days, so as to vaccinate 640,000 Gaza children with the first round of polio vaccine.

According to the report, pipper Cohen said that the vaccination campaign will start on September 1st. According to the agreement, the Israeli army and Hamas will cease fire for three days in the central Gaza, then for three days in the southern Gaza and finally for three days in the northern Gaza.

He said that the two sides are welcome to "initially promise to implement a temporary humanitarian ceasefire in specific areas". "We need these humanitarian suspensions and hope that all parties can abide by this, otherwise it will be impossible to carry out vaccination activities."

Pipper Cohen also said that three days "may not be enough to achieve adequate vaccination", and vaccination activities in each region will be extended by one day if necessary.

Polio, which mainly affects children under 5 years old, can lead to irreversible paralysis and even death. It is highly contagious and cannot be cured. WHO says it can only be prevented by immunization.

According to CNN, Israeli officials said that Israel had agreed to start polio vaccination in Gaza from September 1st.

A US official told CNN that US Secretary of State Blinken urged Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to agree to a vaccination campaign in Gaza last week. Netanyahu agreed to cooperate with the United States on relevant details. However, the Israel Times quoted a source as saying on the 30th that the temporary ceasefire area does not include the area where the IDF is currently operating.

There are variables in ceasefire negotiations.

The humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza has rekindled hopes for the almost stalled Palestinian-Israeli ceasefire negotiations.

The White House recently said that it hopes to make a breakthrough in reaching a ceasefire agreement, which is in line with the three-stage ceasefire negotiation plan announced by US President Biden at the end of May.

The American Axios website reported on the 29th that American and Israeli officials said that negotiations would continue in Cairo and Doha this week. Although no breakthrough has been made in the negotiations, American officials said that they are encouraged that the negotiations can continue and have prevented the tension between Israel and Hezbollah or Iran from escalating.

However, judging from the latest situation, the short-term ceasefire may break down again at any time. On 30th, Israeli military operations continued in Gaza.

The Israeli military said on the 30th that in the past 24 hours, it attacked 30 targets in Gaza and "wiped out" dozens of habas militants. Reuters said that on the evening of 29th, Israeli troops attacked a car of the American Middle East Aid and Development Association in an air raid on southern Gaza, killing five people. Just a few hours before the air raid, Israeli soldiers also opened fire on a World Food Program vehicle with the United Nations logo. The State Council called these attacks "deeply disturbing" and said that "humanitarian workers are there to help innocent civilians, and Israel must ensure their protection".

Israel’s large-scale military operations in some towns and refugee camps in the West Bank entered its third day on the 30th, killing at least 19 Palestinians. The United Nations warned that the Israeli military action in the West Bank "worsened the already critical situation in the region".

Egypt’s Dawn newspaper said on the 30th that, in fact, Israel’s "iron fist policy" has not been loosened. According to the report, the Palestinian-Israeli issue is not a pain that can be cured by a single dose of vaccine, but requires in-depth political dialogue and practical solutions. In this chaotic land, the real long-term peace is still out of reach, and the short-term ceasefire may break again at any time.

Editor: Lin Gen

Proofreading: Tao Qian

6AT vs 8AT, is high gear really better? Which domestic 8AT is stronger?

With the rapid development of automobile technology, automatic transmission, as the core component of automobile power transmission, its performance and durability have always been the focus of consumers’ attention. Among them, 6AT(6-speed automatic transmission) and 8AT(8-speed automatic transmission) are two mainstream gearbox technologies in the market at present, and their durability differences and gear selection issues have been discussed.So, who is more durable, 6AT or 8AT? The higher the gear, the better? Who has the strongest 8AT technology in domestic car companies? This article will make it clear for you at one time.

1. Technical principles and structural differences

Both 6AT and 8AT belong to hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), and its core components include hydraulic torque converter and planetary gear set. The hydraulic torque converter transmits the power of the engine to the transmission mechanism through transmission oil, while the planetary gear set is responsible for the power transmission and transmission. From the structural point of view, 8AT has one or more planetary gear sets than 6AT, which means that 8AT may have more advantages in shifting smoothness, fuel economy and performance. However, it is precisely because of the more complicated structure that the difficulty in manufacturing and maintenance of 8AT increases accordingly.

2. Durability considerations

Durability is a comprehensive consideration, involving the design, manufacturing quality, use conditions and maintenance of gearbox. From the perspective of structural complexity, the failure probability of 6AT is theoretically lower than that of 8AT because of its relatively simple structure. However, this does not mean that 6AT is necessarily more durable than 8AT. With the development of technology and manufacturing technology, the durability of 8AT has also been significantly improved. In addition, the advantages of 8AT in shifting smoothness, fuel economy and performance also make it more competitive in some usage scenarios.

3. Market performance and user feedback

In terms of market performance, both 6AT and 8AT have their own market positioning and user groups. 6AT is widely used in low-end vehicles because of its simple structure and low cost. The 8AT is more mounted on mid-to high-end models to provide better driving experience and fuel economy. In terms of user feedback, both of them have certain praise and bad reviews. Some users think that 6AT is stable and reliable, and its maintenance cost is low. Others prefer the shift smoothness and fuel economy of 8AT.

To sum up, there is no absolute difference in durability between 6AT and 8AT. Which is more durable depends on the specific vehicle model, manufacturing process, use conditions and maintenance.

1. The relationship between gear and performance

The number of gears is an important factor affecting the performance of gearbox. Generally speaking, the more gears, the better the shift smoothness, fuel economy and performance of the gearbox. Because more gears mean that the gearbox can match the engine speed and load more finely, thus achieving more efficient power transmission and lower fuel consumption.

2. Misunderstanding of gear selection

However, this does not mean that the higher the gear, the better. In actual driving, the choice of gear should be flexibly adjusted according to the road conditions and the actual situation of the vehicle. Choosing a low gear can provide greater power output, which is suitable for situations that require higher power such as acceleration and climbing; Choosing a high gear can provide higher driving speed and lower rotating speed, which is suitable for high-speed cruising and fuel-saving driving. Therefore, the best balance point should be found in gear selection, which should not only ensure that the engine is in a suitable speed range, but also ensure that the power output and running speed of the vehicle can meet the actual demand.

3. Correct gear selection method

The correct gear selection method includes observing the engine tachometer, feeling the acceleration response and driving smoothness of the vehicle, etc. When the gear is properly selected, the engine speed should be within the recommended range, neither too high nor too low; At the same time, the acceleration response and driving smoothness of the vehicle should also reach the best state. If the engine speed is too high or too low, or the vehicle accelerates slowly or is stuck, it is necessary to adjust the gear in time to ensure the normal operation of the vehicle.

Among domestic cars, Chery, Geely, FAW, Great Wall, SAIC and many other car companies are actively developing and applying 8AT technology, and have achieved remarkable results. Among them, the 8AT gearbox independently developed by Chery Automobile is the first high-end automatic gearbox with complete intellectual property rights in China, and its technical level and market performance are in the leading position in the industry.

Chery 8AT technology highlights

  • The 8AT gearbox independently developed by Chery Automobile is the first high-order automatic gearbox with complete intellectual property rights in China.
  • The gearbox has the characteristics of super smoothness and high performance, and the gear shifting is smooth, and the highest mechanical efficiency reaches 96%.
  • It has not only experienced global development and verification, but also achieved global quality, which forms a perfect combination with Chery’s 2.0TGDI Kunpeng power engine.

Application vehicle type

  • Tiggo 8L: As Chery’s self-developed flagship SUV, Tiggo 8L is equipped with this 8AT gearbox, providing users with unparalleled power and control experience.
  • Star Way Lingyun: The 2024 Star Way Lingyun adopted the power combination of 8AT transmission and 2.0T engine on the 400T model, which significantly improved the performance and driving experience of the model.

To sum up, Chery Automobile has outstanding performance in 8AT technology of domestic cars, and its self-developed 8AT gearbox is in the leading position in the industry in terms of technical characteristics, market performance and user feedback. Of course, with the continuous progress of automobile technology and the intensification of market competition, other domestic automobile companies are also actively catching up and surpassing. It remains to be seen who will become the leader of 8AT technology in domestic cars in the future.

IVECO is unbeatable in the African Rally Truck Group

The 2018 African Rally for the Environment has come to a successful conclusion: 12 stages, covering 6,500 kilometers, spanning 3 countries (5 stages in Morocco, 6 in Mauritania, and 1 in Senegal). The intense competition unfolded in a beautiful setting, with drivers and crews crossing rocky fast lanes and challenging sand dunes to reach the Rose Lake in Senegal, cheering the winners and celebrating the perfect conclusion of the rally.

IVECO is unbeatable in the African Rally Truck Group

IVECO is unbeatable in the African Rally Truck Group

PETRONAS De Rooy team captain Gerard De Rooy won the rally truck group and maintained the lead throughout the race, both in the rocky fast lane and in the extremely soft sand dunes.

IVECO has been the official supplier to the PETRONAS De Rooy IVECO team for eight consecutive years, providing vehicles and parts for the team to go to the African Rally. The legendary reliability of IVECO trucks is derived from this extreme test, and every component of our trucks is subject to the most rigorous tests. The cars are equipped with an engine specially designed for this event by FPT Industrial, a powertrain brand of CNH Industrial – the IVECO Cursor 13 engine with a power of up to 1000 hp.

In the final stage, the drivers began their final sprint around Rose Lake near Dakar. The crowd cheered for the drivers at the scene. After the race, a grand award and collection ceremony was held on the beach by the lake.

Dutchman De Rooy was delighted with the rally: "I really enjoyed the beautiful special stage of the race and the hard challenges along the way. That’s what we came to the race for: to have fun again. The special stage was long, but the days were relatively short because there were no connecting stages. Looking back on the journey now, I really feel great."

IVECO is unbeatable in the African Rally Truck Group

In the intense Dakar Rally in South America, three IVECO Powerstars played to their potential and delivered consistent high performance, placing in the top 10 for both stages after the break. In the seventh stage, Ton Van Genugten took the lead and held it to the end, two minutes ahead of teammate Federico Villagra, and Artur Ardavichus crossed the line after 18 minutes, placing seventh.

IVECO is unbeatable in the African Rally Truck Group

The eighth stage, a 381-kilometer time trial between the Bolivian cities of Uyuni and Tupiza, was the final leg of the long race. In the world’s toughest rally, the track posed little threat to the IVECO crew: overcoming downpours and floods, Federico Villagra, Ton Van Genugten, and Artur Ardavichus drove three IVECO Powerstars to cross the finish line, all in the top ten.

Federico Villagra continued to perform well, crossing the finish line in second place in the seventh and eighth stages. The Argentine driver’s goal was to win the championship through a solid performance, gradually approaching the lead driver Eduard Nikolaev.

Ton Van Genugten won the seventh stage and placed sixth in the eighth stage between Uyuni and Tupiza, 15 minutes behind the first driver.

Artur Ardavichus also played consistently, ranking seventh in the seventh stage, ninth in the eighth stage, and in the top ten overall.

Due to severe weather in southern Bolivia and northern Argentina, the organization decided to cancel the ninth stage (Tupiza-Salta).

●  Overall Rank – Truck Category – Rally Africa 2018

1. GERARD DE ROOY (IVECO)    
2. Tomas Tomecek () + 5 hours 12 minutes 32 seconds    
3. Johannes Van De Laar (DAF) + 6 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds  

●  Stage 8 – 2018 Dakar Rally

1. Dmitry Sotnikov (Kamaz) 4 hours 23 minutes 32 seconds
2. FEDERICO VILLAGRA 5 minutes 11 seconds
3. Airat Marbeyv + 6 minutes 28 seconds
4. Eduard Nikolaev + 8 minutes 33 seconds
5. Martin Kolomy + 12 minutes 11 seconds
———-
6. TON VAN GENUGTEN + 15 minutes 36 seconds
9. ARTUR ARDAVICHI + 41 minutes 36 seconds

●  Overall Rank – 2018 Dakar Rally

1. Eduard Nikolaev (Kamaz) 28 hours 15 minutes 06 seconds
2. FEDERICO VILLAGRA + 46 points 25
3. Martin Macik + 3 hours 29 minutes 25 seconds
4. Siarhei Viazovich + 3 hours 59 minutes 35 seconds
5. Airat Marbeyv + 4 hours 23 minutes 20 seconds
———-
6. TON VAN GENUGTEN + 4 hours 31 minutes 08 seconds
8. ARTUR ARDAVICHI + 5 hours 28 minutes 16 seconds

●  IVECO

IVECO is a brand of CNH Industrial Group, a leading global manufacturer of means of production listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Italian Stock Exchange Electronic Stock Market. IVECO designs, manufactures and sells a wide range of light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, off-highway trucks and vehicles for off-highway tasks.

The product range of the IVECO brand includes: Series (GVW covering 3 – 7.2 tons), Eurocargo Series (GVW covering 6 – 19 tons), Series (dedicated to off-highway tasks) and Series (GVW over 16 tons). In addition, the IVECO Astra brand also manufactures off-highway trucks, rigid and articulated, and special vehicles.

IVECO has nearly 21,000 employees worldwide. The company manages factories in 7 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania and Latin America, and produces vehicles with the latest advanced technology. Wherever the customer’s vehicle goes, 4,200 sales and after-sales services outlets in more than 160 countries can guarantee the corresponding technical support.

Note: This article is submitted by the manufacturer, and the purpose is to bring readers a richer resource information. Truck Home is neutral in the statements and opinions expressed in the text, and does not provide any express or implied warranties as to the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the content contained in it. Readers are requested to use it for reference only, and please take full responsibility.