September, 2019 is the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the national treasure "Copper Benma": In September, 1969, members of the 13th production team of the Fresh Commune in Wuwei County, Gansu Province discovered a tomb while excavating a war preparation tunnel in the south below the Leitai. At that time, the tomb was full of neatly arranged bronze chariots, horses and bronze figures. There was a coffin in the inner room, which contained two skeleton frames, and several pottery pots were piled up at the foot of the skeleton. In the dim light, some people regard these bronze chariots and horses as golden people, golden horses and golden carts.

There have been many arguments about the naming of the bronze galloping horse and the birds under the horseshoe for a long time. What is right and wrong?

Rare masterpieces in ancient Chinese bronze works of art

Tongbenma, now in Gansu Provincial Museum. The horse is 34.5 cm high, 44.5 cm long, 10 cm wide and weighs 7.15 kg. Its casting process is Fan casting horse body, and then casting it with ponytail, horse leg, flying bird under the hoof, etc., and iron core is sandwiched in the copper leg to enhance support and strength. The casting process was very advanced at that time. When it was unearthed, it was incomplete, with several holes in the neck with a size of 1 cm and a broken tail. After it was sent to the Palace Museum, it was carefully restored by Mr. Zhao Zhenmao, a famous bronze restoration expert.

The treasure of Gansu Provincial Museum, the bronze galloping horse of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

The shape of the horse is Pentium-shaped, with its head slightly tilted to the left, its horse head decorated with a lion’s share, its ears cut off, its eyes wide open, its nostrils puffed up, its head held high and its hips wide, its feet wide and its long tail fluttering, its tail knotted at the end, its three feet flying, and its right hind hoof stepping on a bird that spread its wings and looked back in surprise. There is a pit on the square tail of the bird, which should be a peregrine falcon. The galloping horse outlines the mane, beard, lips, nose, eyes and eyebrows with ink lines. The mouth and nose are painted with vermilion, the teeth are painted with white, the eyes are painted with round angle’s vermilion and the eyes are painted with white, and the finishing touch is black ink. Then, depending on the parts, colors are applied to enhance the vivid effect of expression. On the saddle side of the horse’s belly, traces of red and white paintings remain. Running on the horseshoe and stepping on the birds shows the rapidity of the horse. In the moment when the birds look back, they have surpassed the birds flying like meteors. The whole body focuses on the foot of the super-creeping bird, and the bird’s unfolded wings just play a role in supporting balance and accurately grasp the mechanical principle. The bronze galloping horse is exquisitely cast and ingeniously conceived, which is a rare masterpiece among ancient bronze works of art in China.

Farmers dig tunnels and accidentally discover ancient tombs.

Tongbenma was unearthed in Leitai, Wuwei County, Gansu Province. Leichang is 106 meters long, 60 meters wide and 8.5 meters high, covering an area of 124,000 square meters. There is a view of Leitai on the rectangular rammed earth platform. Because the statue of Leizu is enshrined in the back hall, it is called "Leitai".

In September, 1969, members of the 13th production team of the Fresh Commune in Wuwei County discovered a tomb while digging a war preparation tunnel in the south below the Leitai. At that time, the tomb was full of neatly arranged bronze chariots, horses and bronze figures. There was a coffin in the inner room, which contained two skeleton frames, and several pottery pots were piled up at the foot of the skeleton. In the dim light, some people regard these bronze chariots and horses as golden people, golden horses and golden carts. At that time, wang hong, the captain of the production team, told the members not to spread the news, and then put all the valuable things in it, including bronze men, bronze horses and bronze carts, into sacks, and transported them to the warehouse of the brigade with shelf carts to be sealed up. Without any protective measures and the participation of archaeologists, this ancient tomb was thus uncovered. At that time, it was a special period. Due to the neglect of cultural relics, the ancient tomb was seriously damaged, and the tomb was turned upside down. The traces of some perishable objects such as wood, lacquerware and silk were destroyed without a trace, leaving only broken pottery pots and residual copper coins, and some important materials with great research value disappeared.

Emergency protection of secretary of cultural relics cadre commune

Half a month later, the news of the discovery of the ancient tomb in Leitai reached the ears of Dang Shoushan, a cadre in charge of propaganda and cultural relics in Wuwei County Cultural Center. He immediately made an appointment with Zhang You, a political and legal officer in Jinyang District of Wuwei County, to go straight to Leitai to investigate the matter. According to Dang Shoushan’s memory, "I have been engaged in cultural relics for more than 10 years, and it is the first time to see a large tomb like this. There is a lot of money for paving the ground and some pottery in the tomb. In addition, there are smashed coffin boards and some human bones. " Dang Shoushan, who has rich experience, immediately came to the conclusion that it is impossible to have only a few pieces of pottery in such a large-scale tomb. A large amount of money for paving the ground shows that the owner of the tomb was very rich before his death, and his funerary objects should be very rich. A large number of important cultural relics may have been artificially transferred. They immediately reported to the commune leaders.

Sun Tianqing, secretary of the commune, also realized the seriousness of the matter after listening to the report. He immediately rushed to the fresh commune with Dang Shoushan and called a meeting of cadres and members. He learned that because two horses of the production team died suddenly not long ago, the brigade wanted to sell these bronzes to the scrap collection station and exchange some money to buy horses for production, so it was kept secret. Sun Tianqing immediately gave clear instructions: "These ancient cultural relics can’t be sold, let alone destroyed. The commune should report to the higher authorities." At this critical moment, in order to prevent a large number of cultural relics such as the bronze galloping horse from being destroyed artificially, the commune secretary can be said to have contributed.

After repeated mobilization by Dang Shoushan and others, and patiently explaining the important value of these cultural relics, the production team leader agreed to show them the cultural relics hidden in the warehouse of the brigade. Dang Shoushan was shocked when he saw these precious cultural relics. Due to improper storage, these cultural relics were seriously damaged. The tail of the bronze galloping horse was broken, and the halters and horseshoes of some horses were also broken. In order to avoid further damage, he immediately registered all the cultural relics in detail and transferred them to the Confucian Temple for collection and custody. At the same time, he made a special report to the relevant departments of Gansu Province.

After the cultural relics are cleaned up, they are all transferred to the provincial museum for preservation.

In October 1969, the then Literature and Art Office of the Political Department of Gansu Province and the Provincial Cultural Bureau appointed Yue Banghu, Zhang Xuezheng, Zhang Pengchuan, Hu Shoulan and Ning Duxue from the Provincial Museum Cultural Relics Team to form an archaeological working group to conduct archaeological investigation and comprehensive cleaning of Leitai tombs in Wuwei. After the archaeologists entered the ancient tomb, after detailed investigation, they first made clear the structure of the tomb (see Figure 2). The tomb door opened to the east and consisted of several burial chambers, including the front, middle and back main chambers. The front chamber was composed of a tunnel and a pyramid-shaped mound to the east, and the left and right ear chambers were symmetrical in the front chamber, while the middle chamber only had the right ear chamber, but there was no left ear chamber. Compared with other burial chambers, the back chamber was smaller and had no left and right ear chambers. According to the investigation to the members and the cleaning up afterwards, it is known that the positions of burial utensils and funerary objects are roughly as follows: at that time, the ceremonial figurines of bronze chariots and horses warriors and bronze galloping horses, Fang Chen arranged neatly in the right ear room of the front room and on the second floor outside the door, a pottery building courtyard was placed on the second floor of Nanbi, and a bronze cow was placed at the door of the left ear room of the front room. On the third floor of the middle room, there were beautifully designed and unique copper lotus branch lamps, copper pots, bronze statues and copper fuming stoves. The back room is small, which is the place where Fang Chen’s coffin was buried. Four stone turtles supporting the coffin bed are still there, and four turtle buttons with the seal of "General" have also been unearthed here. According to the statistics of all unearthed cultural relics, there are 231 buried cultural relics in the tomb, including gold, silver, copper, iron, jade, bone, lacquer, stone and pottery, including 17 bronze warrior figures, 28 handmaiden figures, 39 bronze horses and 14 bronze chariots.A bronze cow. Experts believe that these bronze chariots and horses and bronze figurines should be a guard of honor. In addition, there are more than 28,000 copper coins on the floor, which is simply an underground museum with rich reserves.

People can’t find more written records about the construction date of Leitai ancient tomb, but they can only analyze and judge it through the cultural relics in the tomb. At present, there are two views: First, most of the cultural relics in the tomb have the characteristics of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and the official name of "Zuo Qi Qian Ren" and the organizational system of "Liangzhou Zhangye County" on the bronze horse inscription have only appeared in Han Dynasty documents. Therefore, some experts set the construction date of Leitai Tomb at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Second, other experts found new clues in the money laid in the tomb. Some "five-Zhu coins" without gold characters were unearthed in the tomb, and the word "baht" of "five-Zhu coins" in the Han Dynasty was beside gold characters. However, the "five Zhu Qian" cast in the Wei and Jin Dynasties did not have gold characters beside it. Therefore, it is considered that the Leitai ancient tomb should be built in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Schematic diagram of the plan and section of the tomb

Leitai Han tomb entrance

It is not difficult to see from a large number of funerary objects in the ancient tomb that the owner of the tomb had a very prominent position and identity before his death. Although tombs have been stolen many times in history, a large number of precious cultural relics have still been unearthed. Although there are no epitaphs and other historical records in this tomb, it has caused many difficulties in judging the true identity of the tomb owner. However, according to the specifications of the tomb and the majestic lineup shown by the unearthed bronze chariots and horses, there are also inscriptions on individual horses, such as "guarding Zhang Zhangye’s former wife Zhang Jun’s chariot and horses, and giving them to one person", and the inscriptions on the back of the figurines are "Zhang’s slave" and "Zhang’s gift", especially four.

On November 3 and December 12, 1969, Wei Huaiheng and Zhang Xuezheng from the Cultural Relics Team of the Provincial Museum came to Wuwei on the orders of the Propaganda Group of the Political Department of Gansu Province. The tomb entrance was searched and cleaned again, and a bronze unicorn was dug up at the entrance of the tomb, and some murals were cleared on both sides of the tomb entrance. During the cleaning process, two new stolen holes were discovered, and some small pieces of gold and silver and bone vessels were dug up in the mound under the stolen hole in the middle room, indicating that the ancient tomb had been stolen many times in the past. However, because the tomb raiders only know gold and silver vessels but know nothing about bronze national treasures, the ceremonial figurines of bronze chariots and horses have been well preserved to this day and eventually become the common heritage of mankind.

Later, the relevant departments of Gansu Province decided to transfer all the cultural relics unearthed from Leitai to the provincial museum for preservation, and the bronze galloping horse was also among them, because it was not exhibited in the museum at that time and the bronze galloping horse was not known to the outside world.

Guo Moruo was shocked by the vivid and wonderful "Flying Swallows on Horses"

Accompanied by Wang Yi, temporary director of Gansu Provincial Museum, Mr. Guo Moruo appreciated the bronze galloping horse.

On September 19th, 1971, when the historian Mr. Guo Moruo and his wife Yu Liqun accompanied the government delegation led by Prime Minister Binnu of the National Unity Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia to visit the northwest of China, they specially visited the Gansu Provincial Museum. Guo Lao and his party were warmly received by Gansu Provincial Museum, and the collection was introduced by Wang Yi, the temporary director of Gansu Provincial Museum at that time. Comrade Wang Yi followed Zheng Zhenduo (the first director of the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Central Ministry of Culture after liberation) in the early days of liberation, and died in a plane crash in 58. ) took over the cultural relics departments such as the Forbidden City in Beijing, and served as the office director after the establishment of National Cultural Heritage Administration. In 1962, he obeyed the national arrangement to support the construction of the northwest, and came to Gansu from Beijing to preside over the cultural relics work. He knew Guo Lao for a long time and was a cultural relics expert. Therefore, the province sent him to undertake the reception task. Comrade Wang Yi explained in an orderly way, and Guo Lao was full of enthusiasm, listened carefully and looked carefully.

Guo Lao is a knowledgeable archaeologist and a famous contemporary poet, writer, historian and epigraphist in China. Wherever he goes, he will try his best to inspect local cultural relics and enjoy unearthed cultural relics. His judgment and evaluation of some cultural relics is undoubtedly authoritative. Guo Lao looked at many precious collections, and he was particularly interested in these bronze ceremonial figurines unearthed in Wuwei for the longest time. The bronze galloping horse firmly attracted Guo Lao’s attention. He asked Comrade Wang Yi to take the "bronze galloping horse" out of the cabinet specially kept, and held it in his hand and watched it repeatedly for a long time from all angles. This is a galloping steed. One of its hooves swept on the back of a flying bird. The flying bird turned its head in surprise and looked back. A fantastic moment condensed into eternity.

Guo Lao, who has seen countless cultural relics, was deeply moved. He marveled at the impeccable posture and perfect sense of balance of his works, and sent out the feeling that "it is a first-class art treasure to take it to the world". He also said to the people present: "I have been to many countries and seen many statues of horses. The oldest of those statues is only a few hundred years, and I have never seen more than 1,000 years. However, our ancestors made such a vivid and wonderful bronze statue nearly 2,000 years ago, which has reached an unprecedented level in terms of artistic conception, superb technology level and structural mechanics. It is the pride of our nation." He said earnestly: "This is a large number of national treasures. There are too many national treasures here, and your responsibility is even heavier. Your task is to protect these treasures! If the protection is not good, we will be sorry for the people of the whole country, the party, our ancestors and our future generations! " Comrade Wang Yi asked: "Guo Lao, from the image characteristics and the ingenuity of the creator, we think that this bird stepped on the hoof of a bronze galloping horse is a swallow. The bird’s wings are slightly smaller than its body, and its arms are sharp and thin. When it flies, its arms are parallel to its body and are in a three-pronged shape, which is the reflection of the image of the flying swallow. The creator intends to use the fastest bird to set off the horse’s speed, and the fastest bird is the swallow. Can this shape be called’ flying on the horse’? " After a little thinking, Guo Lao even claimed that it was wonderful and gave a nod.

The beautiful shape of the bronze galloping horse makes people love it at first sight. Ordinary people will certainly think it is a good thing, let alone a cultural relic worker with certain professional knowledge. At that time, experts from Gansu Provincial Museum decided that the bronze galloping horse was a great cultural relic with high artistic value, which had long been treated differently. In the future, the bronze galloping horse became famous at home and abroad, and its value reached such a high level, which was unexpected by the comrades of Gansu Provincial Museum.

"Flying Swallows on Horses" is famous in the world.

On the second day after Guo Lao returned to Beijing, he immediately invited Wang Yeqiu, the then director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, to come home and gave him a detailed introduction of the bronze figurines, especially the bronze galloping horse, and agreed on the spot to transfer the bronze figurines to Beijing immediately to enrich the exhibition of unearthed cultural relics being held in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Two days later, when Guo Lao accompanied Premier Zhou to meet Japanese foreign guests in the Great Hall of the People, he also introduced Premier Zhou and said that he had agreed with Comrade Wang Yeqiu to transfer the unearthed cultural relics to Beijing for exhibition as soon as possible. The Prime Minister kept nodding and smiling while listening. And said humorously, "Well, you found the baby again. It is said that many people visited the exhibition of unearthed cultural relics held by the Forbidden City, and many foreign friends also went to see it. The response was very good and the impact was great. It is necessary to constantly enrich new content, and the effect will be better and the impact will be greater! " .

After the bronze galloping horse was exhibited in Beijing, it immediately shocked the historians and archaeologists, and caused strong repercussions at home and abroad. Some experts have published comments in influential newspapers, saying that the bronze galloping horse is "priceless".

In 1973, Wang Yeqiu, presided over by Guo Lao, was responsible for preparing a large-scale exhibition of historical relics for China’s foreign exchange. Originally, the bronze galloping horse was not selected for the exhibition. Later, at the repeated requests of French and British ambassadors to China, and coordinated by Foreign Ministers Chen Yi and Guo Lao, the bronze galloping horse participated in the exhibition in France and Britain.

In order to catch a glimpse of the China horse, there was a long queue at the entrance of the British Museum. The British audience praised it as "peerless treasure" and "talented China horse", and all the visitors were amazed. When exhibited in the United States, the bronze galloping horse jumped onto a huge poster and became the logo of the cultural relics exhibition. Foreign newspapers and periodicals rushed to report, praising the bronze galloping horse as "the highest peak in art" and "the bronze galloping horse has become an eye-catching star"; In the book "Foreign Devils on the Silk Road", the Englishman Peter Hoffcock said: "Although this’ Tianma’ has long since become extinct, its image has not been erased by sculptors and artists in the Han and Tang Dynasties. One of the most wonderful imitations is the world-famous bronze flying horse excavated by archaeologists in China in 1969 near Xi ‘an, the capital of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty on the Silk Road. " The bronze galloping horse shocked artists from all over the world, and since then, "riding a horse and flying a swallow" has become famous all over the world.

According to the statistics of "Unearthed Cultural Relics Exhibition" in 1975, from April 1973 to August 1975, with the glory of China’s history and the pride of the Chinese nation, Tongbenma toured 12 countries, including France, Britain, Japan, Romania, Austria, the former Yugoslavia, Sweden, Mexico, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium and the United States, with more than 5 million visitors. For this reason, Guo Moruo wrote a heroic poem, "The four seas praised the bronze galloping horse, and everyone contended for the golden clothes." Guo Moruo was also regarded as the Bole of the bronze galloping horse from now on.

In 1973, "Copper galloping horse" was selected as the stamp "Cultural Relics Unearthed during the Cultural Revolution". In 1992, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued a set of JP32 commemorative postage postcards with copper galloping horse as the main picture. In 1977, the commemorative stamp of "China Tourism Year" was also issued with copper galloping horse as the main picture, which made it soar above the Great Wall, with profound implications and thought-provoking. In 1996, the United Nations issued a set of six stamps, including the bronze galloping horse, which showed the world the long-standing culture and art of China.

Foreign friends appreciate copper galloping horse.

Copper galloping horses in the exhibition hall of Gansu Provincial Museum

Past lives of Tongbenma

With the increasing popularity of the bronze galloping horse, the academic research on the bronze galloping horse has once become a hot topic. What kind of horse is it? Why didn’t this perfect shape two thousand years ago appear in the prosperous Central Plains, but in Wuwei, the ancient city of Liangzhou in the remote Hexi Corridor? What is the relationship between Dawan’s bloody horse and Guliangzhou, which is now Wuwei, Gansu?

According to historical records, the Han nationality has a long history of raising horses, but before the Warring States period, horses were mainly raised for pulling carts. In the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi, who had a rough mind, was determined to strengthen the cavalry in the army. When he learned that there were thoroughbred horses in the distant kingdom of Dawan, Emperor Wudi, who loved horses, immediately sent messengers to buy horses from the kingdom of Dawan with golden horses of the same size. But the Dawan people killed the messengers and took the golden horses away, and the angry Emperor Wudi sent sword of vengeance to the kingdom of Dawan. In 104 BC and 101 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division, to wage wars against Dawan State twice, forcing Dawan State to adopt the strategy of making peace and giving dozens of bloody horses and thousands of thoroughbred horses to the Han Dynasty. With the continuous arrival of good horses from the western regions, Wuwei has become an important horse breeding base. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, an official in charge of horses was specially set up in Wuwei. The official position was called "Pastor Garden" and the deputy position was called "Bi Mawen". The Monkey King in the The Journey to the West of Wu Cheng’en was named as a horse-herding horse-herding horse-herding horse-herding horse-herding official in Wuwei in Han Dynasty. It is precisely because there are too many good horses in Wuwei, so it is natural that the shape of the bronze galloping horse was born here two thousand years ago.

Li Xueqin, a professor of Tsinghua University and an academician of the International Asia-Europe Academy of Sciences, said: "The bronze galloping horse unearthed in Wuwei is a very special bronze ware. It is neither a practical object nor a funerary object specially made for human sacrifice. The image it symbolizes is the Tianma, which is known as the" bloody horse ". Looking through the ancient books of the Han Dynasty, no matter Historical Records or Hanshu, there are many records about the bloody horse. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once named Dawan the "Tianma". The Biography of Dawan in Historical Records says: "Dawan is in the west of Han Dynasty, which is about one Wan Li. Dawan produces good horses, and the horses are bloody, and they are descendants of Tianma."

Painted Tianma Map of Tomb Murals from the Sixteen Kingdoms Period Unearthed in Dingjiazha, Jiuquan, Gansu Province

Some scholars have studied the pace of the bronze galloping horse. The bronze galloping horse steps on the bird’s back with one hoof, and the other three hoofs leap in the air, and the two legs on the same side leap in the same direction at the same time, which is invisible in the running of ordinary horses. This posture has a special term called "opposite step". According to legend, Dayuanma is a master of walking the opposite step. Therefore, some people think that the prototype of the bronze galloping horse comes from Dawan in the western regions according to the opposite-step modeling of the bronze galloping horse. However, some people think that the appearance of Tongbenma not only shows the fast and stable characteristics of Dawanma, but also has some characteristics of Mongolian horse. Its muscles are thick and its body is slightly stout, which shows that it is not a thoroughbred Dawanma. It should be that after the introduction of Dawanma by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he crossed with Mongolian horses to form a China horse with a unique style, combining two horses with different shapes.

In 1977, a painted Tianma map was found in the tomb murals of the Sixteen Kingdoms period in Dingjiazha, Jiuquan, Gansu Province. A horse with a red mane and a red tail was flying in the clouds, which was surprisingly similar to a bronze galloping horse. When the bronze galloping horse was unearthed, archaeologists found that there were obvious traces of painting on its head and back. Nearly two thousand years have passed, and the color gradually falls off with the corrosion of the bronze surface, and the colorful patterns depicted on the bronze galloping horse can no longer be seen. However, today, people can still vaguely see the traces painted at that time in the eyes, lips and teeth of the horse, and see the painted patterns of galloping horse and clouds in other bronze horses. If the painted patterns on the bronze galloping horse don’t fall off, it may be like this.

The naming of bronze horse figurines is controversial.

There have been many arguments about the naming of the bronze galloping horse and the birds under the horseshoe for a long time. There are mainly the following statements:

One is"copper galloping horse"Say. The shape of the bronze galloping horse is extraordinary. It screams with its head held high, and its horseshoes fly like lightning, so it is called "the bronze galloping horse". Because it is made of bronze, it is also called "bronze galloping horse", which is also the earliest name for this bronze horse figurine;

The second is"Flying Swallows on Horses"Say. Although the title of "Bronze galloping horse" is intuitive and clear, Comrade Wang Yi thinks that the subtlety of this bronze horse figurine is that a flying swallow is stepped on the back of its hoof. It is obviously not enough to express its romantic artistic conception just by the name of "galloping horse". Therefore, it is called "galloping horse flying swallow" to show that the galloping horse is flying across the back of the swallow, and it has been approved by Mr. Guo Moruo. After that, the name has been widely circulated.

The third is"riding a dragon sparrow"Say. Some people have put forward different views on the saying that the flying bird trodden by bronze horse figurines is not like a swallow, but a sparrow, so it should be "Horse stepping on a sparrow" or "Ma Chao’s sparrow".

The fourth is"flying swallow"It seems reasonable to think that the above names, but it is not difficult to find that all of them have obvious characteristics of modern Chinese word formation after careful taste. The name "Fei Yan Xiang" is consistent with the characteristics of the Han Dynasty, no matter from the rigorous way of word formation or the accuracy of meaning. There is a bird at the foot of the bronze horse, and its symbolic meaning is concerned. When it comes to horses, people quickly think of galloping, and the speed of flying swallows is also beyond doubt. There are many poems in the past dynasties that used Yan to describe a good horse. For example, there is a sentence in Shen Yue’s poems in the Southern Dynasties, with the note: "Ziyan is a good horse." Emperor Wendi’s poem in the bamboo slips of the Liang Dynasty says, "The purple swallow jumps over the martial arts, and the red rabbit flies over the sky." In the second sentence, red means good horse, and purple also means good horse. Shan Li noted Xie Lingyun’s poem: "Emperor Wen has returned from generation to generation, with nine good horses and one flying swallow." In ancient times, the flying swallow under the bronze horse’s feet was undoubtedly used to describe the speed of a good horse, which made people know its meaning at a glance, so the bronze horse should be directly named "Ziyanzhu" or "Feiyanzhu", which is just the ancient meaning and the most elegant and appropriate;

The fifth is"Tianma"Say. People who hold this view think that the dragon finch is a fengshen, that is, Fei Lian. This is a divine bird, so how can it be the thing that a galloping horse treads on? In Zhang Heng’s Ode to Tokyo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there is a saying that "the copper finches are winding and winding, and the horses are half Chinese." In other words, it is said that the dragon finch and Tianma in the palace are two corresponding bronze exhibits. Therefore, this bronze horse figurine is "Tianma". The Song of the West Pole Tianma in the Book of Rites and Music of the Han Dynasty once recorded that "Tianma can step on floating clouds and fly in the air", and galloping horses and flying swallows are exactly the image of "Tianma" swimming in the air.

Six is"Ma Shen-Tian Yi"Say. Like the previous statements, the "Tianma" theory has also been questioned. It has been suggested that "Tianma" specifically refers to Dawan bloody horse and related palace exhibits in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Hanming of the East set Fei Lian (the bronze dragon finch) and bronze horse (the bronze "big horse") in Luoyang. He personally traveled to Xi ‘an to meet him, even at the expense of marrying an imperial clan woman or making an army fight, and only then did he get a bloody horse, which was called "Tianma". Therefore, he wrote "Song of the West Pole Tianma", which was one of the ceremonies for the emperor to worship heaven, in order to praise the merits of the son of the Han family. No matter whether "Tianma" refers to a real horse or a bronze horse, it is only a symbol of royal dignity, and it is impossible for subjects to enjoy it. The Eastern Han Tomb in Wuwei advocates that the surname General is no exception. Therefore, this bronze horse figurine should be "horse god-Tian Yi". "Tian Xun" refers to the fourth star among the seven nights in black dragon, the East of the 28 stars in the sky, named "Fang", that is, "Tian Yi", also known as "Mazu God". Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, people regarded "Tian Zhi" as "Ma Shen". Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, horses were indispensable in campaigns, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty paid more attention to raising horses, which led to the worship and sacrifice of Mazu Shen. It is natural that General Zhang, the owner of the Han tomb in Wuwei, rode on the frontier before his death to worship the horse god, and then buried the bronze horse god after his death.

things have come to a close

Although all the above statements are not unreasonable, all kinds of disputes continue. So far, there has not been a recognized conclusion, and it is still called the bronze galloping horse or the accustomed name of the flying swallow.

Tongbenma is the naming of cultural relics. According to National Cultural Heritage Administration’s unified standard for naming collections, the naming of historical relics generally includes three parts: time, style and author; Features, ornamentation or color; Category, shape or use. For bronzes, inscriptions are the main ones. If there is no inscription, it is mainly based on its production characteristics, unearthed location or decorative patterns. In the 1970s, when the Provincial Expo organized the unearthed cultural relics to attend the exhibition in the Forbidden City in Beijing, Chu Shibin, the staff who participated in the preparation of the exhibition at that time (who was the director of the Provincial Expo from 1984 to 1999), registered this cultural relic as "Bronze Running Horse" in the cultural relics file sent to Beijing according to the archaeological naming standards and the texture, shape and shape of the artifacts. Since the exhibition in Beijing, a bronze galloping horse has been used in the cultural relics field. The name of Tongbenma conforms to the naming standard of historical relics in National Cultural Heritage Administration, and it will be named "Tongbenma" in the warehousing registration card, collection archives and collection master register of Gansu Provincial Museum in the future. In 1996, the National Cultural Heritage Administration Cultural Relics Appraisal Group did not raise any objection to this name when confirming the first-class cultural relics collection.

The naming of cultural relics is also an academic issue. Once the naming of cultural relics is determined when filing, it is generally not changed unless there are obvious mistakes. The name of the bronze galloping horse has been used for nearly 50 years, and it has been recognized and accepted internationally and domestically, and has become a world-renowned cultural relic star. Of course, it is undeniable that although the name "Copper Running Horse" is concise and to the point, it is not satisfactory to have a horse without a swallow. The name of the bronze galloping horse used now does not affect the continuous exploration and research of all sectors of society. What people call it is allowed, and all sectors of society can participate in the research and express their opinions. This can not only provide valuable reference for the accurate naming of collection units, but also help to dig deeper and reveal the connotation and value of cultural relics. Swallow on Horse is its original name, which is full of poetic and romantic colors. With its appearance in the public eye, it has been accepted by people, and it has long been a conventional name. Although some scholars later thought that the naming was not accurate, they also proposed various new names, but none of them were heard. Only the name Swallow on Horse has been deeply imprinted in the minds of a generation because of its great spread and influence at that time, so it is still widely used by people.

However, no matter which name is finally adopted, this bronze horse figurine will eventually be "the peak of China’s ancient works of art", and its bold imagination and genius casting skills have left a rare work of art for the world.

In 1983, Tongbenma was identified as a tourist symbol of China by the National Tourism Administration. In 1996, it was appraised as a national treasure by National Cultural Heritage Administration expert group. In 2002, it was listed in the first batch of precious cultural relics prohibited from going abroad for exhibition by National Cultural Heritage Administration. This flying horse is not only an outstanding work of ancient craftsmen, but also a representative of many cultural relics in China and a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization.

(The original title of this article is "National Treasure Archives-Copper Running Horse")

Beijing, 10 Jan (Xinhua) reporter Chen Haibo learned from the National Meteorological Work Conference on the 10th that in 2024, China will further improve its ability of monitoring and early warning of severe weather and do its best to prevent and reduce meteorological disasters.

Chen Zhenlin, director of China Meteorological Bureau, introduced at the meeting that in 2023, China’s meteorological science and technology business capacity will be steadily improved. The forecast error of typhoon’s 24-hour average path is 62 kilometers, which is the best in history. The accuracy of 24-hour rainstorm forecast has reached a new high; The warning signal of severe convective weather was released 43 minutes in advance.

According to reports, the meteorological department should strengthen the risk prediction and response of meteorological disasters, pay close attention to monitoring, forecasting and early warning services, further improve the linkage mechanism of disaster prevention and mitigation led by meteorological early warning, build the first line of defense for meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation, and promote the whole society to effectively resist risks.

In 2024, the meteorological department will further improve the ability of monitoring and early warning of severe weather by strengthening the monitoring and early warning of short-term approaching weather, doing a good job of point-to-point accurate forecasting and rolling update, strengthening the construction of national and provincial short-term monitoring and early warning platforms, promoting the adjustment of rainstorm early warning signals, and piloting seamless climate impact prediction.

At the same time, the meteorological department will also improve the emergency response and linkage mechanism for disaster prevention and mitigation. In 2024, the meteorological department will promote the comprehensive integration of meteorological services into the local comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation command and dispatch work system, improve the "calling" mechanism and process of high-level meteorological disaster early warning, fully implement the progressive meteorological service mechanism, encourage chief forecasters to interpret weather trends and disasters online, and enhance the prevention ability of meteorological disasters in the whole society.

In addition, this year, we will develop meteorological disaster risk prediction business, strengthen the research and development of risk prediction algorithms and scientific testing of single disaster, multi-disaster and disaster chain, establish and improve the national and provincial integrated meteorological disaster risk prediction business system, and strengthen the application of various products in meteorological disaster prevention decision-making. Improve the ability of weather modification and carry out experiments and demonstrations of key technologies.

Original title: The ability of monitoring and early warning of severe weather will be further improved.

(Source: Guangming Daily Editor: Yan Fei)

1905 movie network news Produced by Warner Bros., starring Constance Wu, Yang Ziqiong, Henry Golding and other actors, the Hollywood romantic comedy (Crazy Rich Asians), which is adapted from the world’s best-selling novel, landed in major cinemas across the country today. The film released a preview of "Love follows the heart", and at the same time, the five major points of the film were completely unlocked.

　

1, global circle powder, box office word-of-mouth double harvest detonated the market

After Crazy Rich Asians was released in North America on August 15th, in the first week of its release, the film got off to a good start with a box office of $34 million, and successfully won the title of North American weekend box office list. Since then, the box office of the film has been climbing steadily, and it has won the North American weekend box office list for three consecutive weekends. Up to now, the global box office of the film has exceeded $230 million. This achievement makes Crazy Rich Asians the highest-grossing romantic comedy in North America in recent 10 years, and the sixth highest-grossing romantic comedy in history.

Not only did the box office score brilliantly, but Crazy Rich Asians also won a strong reputation, with the praise of its rotten tomatoes reaching 92%. Top magazines such as Time, Rolling Stone, The New York Times, Vanity Fair and Fashion all expressed their support for the film, saying that it is a phenomenal work that must be seen this year. James Wan, the director, Dwayne Douglas Johnson, Chris Pratt and Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson are all powerful Amway.

　

2, sweet full marks, romantic love brings the warmest strength in winter.

The movie Crazy Rich Asians tells a romantic love story. In today’s "Love Will Live with Your Heart" trailer, Nick confessed to Rachel that "you are totally different from the girls I grew up with" and "I think I’m in love with you again", and the sweet atmosphere seemed to overflow the screen. However, under the huge differences in family background and culture, the trust and understanding shown by the two people in the face of family opposition moved many viewers. "I never expected to be moved by this movie, and this is the love in my dream." "Although there are various obstacles between the two people, they can still firmly feel for each other and want to fall in love after watching it."

3. Breakthrough in achievements, and the all-Asian star lineup is mutually acting.

As Hollywood’s first mainstream blockbuster that tells Asian stories in 25 years after The Joy Luck Club, its success can be described as a historic breakthrough. As director Zhu Haowei said, "The world should see Asian actors". Yang Ziqiong, Constance Wu, Henry Golding, gemma chan, Okafina, Lisa Lu … … There are superstars who are well-known in the international film world, gold supporting actors who frequently appear in Hollywood, and newcomers who are budding, all of whom have contributed perfect acting skills in Crazy Rich Asians.

The audience was also full of praise for their performance, and they all said that they were still unfinished. "I was deeply impressed by Constance Wu’s acting skills in American dramas before, and this time she made a new breakthrough." "Yang Ziqiong is still beautiful and powerful, supporting the most intense plot conflict in the whole play." "I heard that the male host is acting for the first time, and I can’t see it at all. The elegant and elite male is so charming." "The hostess’s best friend (Okafina) is a highlight, which is too much."

　

4. The plot is smooth and the comedy elements are unconventional.

Crazy Rich Asians not only tells the love between the hero and heroine, but also shows a lot about family, affection and friendship. Although there are many directions involved, the director’s control of the plot is very in place, and some viewers praised it. "The film has a compact rhythm and is not procrastinating at all. The director has integrated the perfection he wants to express into the film."

Another praiseworthy highlight of the film is that the humorous plot and the laughter are one after another, which brings the audience an extremely relaxed viewing experience. Some media said after watching the film that although there are some slightly heavy and complicated contents in the film, they are interpreted and displayed in a comedy way, which is more acceptable. Some viewers think that although it is a Hollywood movie, the joke in the film is very grounded. "I was worried that the American humor would be unacceptable in the film, but now it seems to be worrying."

　

5, pleasing to the eye, exquisite scenes and oriental elements complement each other.

Because the film shows the lives of the rich in Asia, all kinds of exquisite and luxurious scenes have naturally become eye-catching tools. In the film, there are not only landmark buildings with gorgeous atmosphere, such as Singapore Marina Bay Garden and marina bay Sands, but also luxury cars, jewels and finery. In particular, the highlight of the film, "Wedding of the Century", surprised many viewers and called it "seconds kill".

In addition, the film also shows many oriental elements, and many familiar Chinese classic songs also appear in the film, which makes the China audience feel more cordial. "The oriental culture presented by the Asian team is really reliable." In addition, director Zhu Haowei also added the plot of Bao jiaozi and playing mahjong, and various games between the heroine Rachel and the "prospective mother-in-law" also took place quietly in these two plays, which showed the unique charm of traditional culture.

　

The film Crazy Rich Asians has officially landed in major cinemas in the Mainland today.

　　At the 2012 Beijing Auto Show, Dongfeng Nissan unveiled a new generation of Sylphy models, which are more family-oriented in appearance and equipped with a brand-new 1.8-liter engine. It is expected to be launched in June this year. Recently, Netcom learned that the new generation of Sylphy will mainly promote 1.6-liter and 1.8-liter models, and a total of 16 models will be launched, while the 2.0-liter engine will not be used on Sylphy models.

　　The new Sylphy will give up 2.0L engine and push 1.6/1.8 power.

　　[The power of the new 1.8-liter engine is very similar to that of the 2.0-liter engine, resulting in the discontinuation of the 2.0-liter model]

　　At present, the current Sylphy is equipped with 1.6-liter and 2.0-liter engine sequences with different displacements, while the new generation Sylphy engine cancels the current 2.0-liter engine and replaces it with a new 1.8-liter power engine. It can be seen from the power parameters of the brand-new 1.8-liter engine that the brand-new 1.8-liter engine has a maximum power of 102KW compared with the current 2.0-liter engine’s maximum power of 105 kW, and their power performance is very close, while the 2.0-liter model with larger displacement is very embarrassing, so it is inevitable that Sylphy will give up the 2.0-liter engine.

　　[The new Sylphy has launched 16 models, 6 models with 1.6 liters and 10 models with 1.8 liters]

　　At present, there are 8 models available for sale. Recently, Netcom learned from insiders of Dongfeng Nissan that the new Sylphy will launch as many as 16 models, including six 1.6-liter models and ten 2.0-liter models, which will be more abundant in configuration and provide consumers with more choices.

　　The new generation of Sylphy is very fashionable in overall shape, the inverted trapezoidal air intake grille has gradually moved closer to the family, and the new arrow headlights are integrated with LED daytime running lights, making the whole vehicle look very dynamic and energetic.

　　The new Sylphy has a certain change in the body size, the length and height of the car have been reduced, and the width of the car has been widened, which also increases the safety and the space inside the car, while the wheelbase has not changed. Compared with the old model, the side shape is smoother. As a compact family car, this shape is also very suitable for the positioning of Sylphy.

　　The tail shape echoes the front of the car, the tail light also adopts the arrow shape, and the light group is integrated into the LED light source, which gives people a strong sense of science and technology. The widening of the car body also increases the space inside the car, and the shape of the rear is more harmonious.

　　Compared with the cash, the interior styling of the new Sylphy has been greatly changed, and the layout has also been greatly adjusted. The configuration of the new Sylphy has also increased such as multi-function steering wheel, keyless start and driving computer on the dashboard.

　　The new Sylphy adopts a brand-new 1.8-liter engine, which will optimize the fuel economy without much loss of power and improve the vehicle configuration, making the new generation Sylphy more cost-effective than the cash, which will also increase its vehicle competitiveness, and more models will provide consumers with diversified choices. After the integration of fashionable appearance, more consumers will consider the new Sylphy, and its market performance after listing in the future is worth looking forward to.

In China Guangdong Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., which belongs to China General Nuclear Power Group (CGNPC), there is such a "smart" runner. He has studied hard and kept improving, and gradually grew from an ignorant college graduate to a technological master in the field of nuclear reactor equipment installation in China. He is Huang Lei, the winner of the May 1st Labor Medal.

Welding gives off dazzling white arc light, and cutting sparks that are blazing red … These unbearable scenes for ordinary people are the most intimate daily life for Huang Lei, who has been installing nuclear reactor equipment for 15 years. The installation of nuclear reactor equipment is the core project of nuclear power plant construction. Huang Lei, who has always been rooted in the front line, has been in this position for 15 years and has experienced many nuclear power projects such as Ling ‘ao, Hongyanhe, Yangjiang and Fangchenggang. Today, Huang Lei has gradually grown from an ignorant college graduate to an excellent project builder. He said that truly mastering the installation technology of China people’s own nuclear power core field and doing a good job in the nuclear power engineering of the motherland is his unchanging initial intention.

Students who surpass the "master"

Ling ‘ao Phase II nuclear power project, located in Shenzhen Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base, adopts China’s improved PWR nuclear power technology CPR1000, which is the first self-built million-kilowatt PWR nuclear power plant in China. The construction technology of nuclear power plant is difficult, and the responsibility of nuclear safety is heavy. The complexity and difficulty of independent construction are much higher than those of other industries. Especially in the field of nuclear reactor equipment installation, the precision of installation technology is beyond people’s imagination. In the past, it was all mastered by foreign parties, which made it more difficult to make nuclear power construction independent.

"With what foreigners can, we can’t? Do they have three heads and six arms, and we can’t do them? " In 2006, after graduating from Huang Lei University, he joined CGNPC. The newborn calf was not afraid of tigers, so he refused to accept defeat. Huang Lei is determined to become a nuclear reactor equipment installation technology. To this end, he paid great attention to every detail of the foreign operation guidance, took the foreign drawings and documents that were not detailed, studied them page by page, and even punctuated them, often pondering into the middle of the night.

"His dormitory often has lights on in the middle of the night, even all night, and everyone is used to it." The efforts have not been in vain. Through a little exploration and accumulation, Huang Lei has overcome many technical problems such as concentricity adjustment, track adjustment and fuel delivery system assembly of the loader. In 2009, under the leadership of Huang Lei, China’s nuclear fuel storage and handling system was successfully installed independently for the first time, and the system experience was popularized. In the eyes of colleagues, Huang Lei always keeps fresh and devoted to technological research and innovation. "Only better, no best, these eight words can best describe Huang Lei, and his pursuit of technology seems endless."

With this indomitable spirit, in the field of nuclear reactor equipment installation, Huang Lei has won six awards for technical achievements at all levels, and has successively mastered a number of nuclear power plant installation core technologies, such as the opening and closing cover of the nuclear reactor pressure vessel, the insertion and interlocking of the reactor control rod drive shaft, the secondary side water pressure of the steam generator, and the automatic welding of the reactor main loop pipeline. At the same time, he also innovated and invented more than 10 special tools, such as special tools for cold-fitting pin holes of reactor pressure vessel inserts.

Today, CPR1000 piles are blossoming in many places in China. In the field of CPR1000 nuclear reactor equipment installation, China engineers, represented by Huang Lei, not only fully mastered the core technology, but even came from behind, and their technical level surpassed that of former foreign masters.

Do a good job in China’s third-generation nuclear power

In fact, Huang Lei is "ambitious". He is not satisfied with mastering only the installation technology in the core field of CPR1000 reactor. Huang Lei, which has grown up with the wave of China’s nuclear power autonomy, still has a goal in mind-to build Hualong No.1 demonstration project with China’s independent intellectual property rights to help China’s nuclear power "go global". In 2018, Huang Lei shouldered the heavy responsibility of nuclear island installation of CGNPC Fangchenggang Hualong No.1 demonstration project. "China’s nuclear power has grown from scratch, from weak to strong, and has become one of the national business cards together with high-speed rail. I am a technician. In this process, I should give full play to my advantages and make more contributions to the country. "

The difficulties can be imagined. He led the team to tackle key problems continuously, summed up experience and made bold exploration on the basis of installation technology in the core field of CPR1000 reactor, and achieved many firsts in China in Hualong No.1 demonstration project: for the first time, when the nuclear island plant was capped, large crawler cranes were used to complete the hoisting of large equipment in the main circuit of nuclear reaction; After lifting the nuclear island dome for the first time, complete the replacement of the nuclear island ring crane installation trolley; For the first time, the installation of the steam generator was completed in the 0-meter site, setting a historical record of completing the installation of all nuclear reactor main loop equipment within 70 days, and the deviation of equipment weighing hundreds of tons in place was less than 1 mm; Facing the installation of the shaft seal of the main pump, which is exponentially difficult, the installation is strictly controlled according to the accuracy of 0.01mm, and the whole process of nondestructive installation is realized for the first time, which is impossible for foreign manufacturers with mature experience; The installation and welding of the control rod drive mechanism of the reactor were successful at one time, without any repair welding.

Although faced with many difficulties in the construction of Fangchenggang Hualong No.1 demonstration project, Huang Lei kept in mind the mission and overcame difficulties. In April 2021, Huang Lei won the honorary title of "Shenzhen May 1st Labor Medal". "The task of the construction of Hualong No.1 demonstration project is not over yet, and there are still many challenges ahead." In the face of honor, Huang Lei remains as simple as ever.

Although the first line is bitter, it is also sweet.

In addition to being the team leader, Huang Lei is also the "bosom brother" of the team.

"I have been doing this since I graduated, and I know the difficulties and difficulties of everyone." Nuclear Island Installation is a young team with an average age of 32 years old. Huang Lei always takes the initiative to understand the ideological trends of team members and solve the problems and difficulties encountered in work and life in time.

Huang Lei advocates the concept of "happy work and healthy life" in the team. At the same time, after the boring installation of the nuclear island, he actively organizes everyone to participate in various activities such as reading sharing and outdoor sports to relieve the work pressure. Therefore, the team led by Huang Lei is full of energy at any time. With skills in the brain and brothers in the heart, Huang Lei has been unanimously recognized by the team, and everyone likes to overcome difficulties with him. Like many nuclear power construction engineers who have been rooted in the front line all the year round, Huang Lei often stays at the nuclear power site for months, giving up holidays and being unable to stay with his parents, wife and children.

"Is it bitter?" In the face of questions, Huang Lei smiled slightly: "In the first line, suffering is suffering, and many times I am tired, but my heart is also very sweet." In Huang Lei’s eyes, it is enough that in 15 years, with countless nuclear power builders, he has become a brick and tile for the leap-forward development of China’s nuclear power industry.

[Editor: Jia Zheng]

　　[car home Industry] In February, affected by the Spring Festival holiday, the overall sales volume of the automobile market declined to a large extent. After the Spring Festival, the "price war" quickly warmed up, and BYD took the lead in triggering a wave of car companies’ price cuts. At present, the development of the automobile industry has entered the deep water area, and the intelligent transformation has begun to speed up the shift. Huawei HarmonyOS Zhixing, Toyota and BYD have successively promoted the landing of high-level intelligent driving. In the future, the level of automobile intelligence will be the core element of market competition.

Data description:

1. Intelligent electric vehicle: a vehicle with pure electric energy, plug-in hybrid power (including extended range) and intelligent driving level above L2;
2. Class L2: A vehicle equipped with an adaptive cruise system and a lane keeping assist system as standard is considered to have a level L2 intelligent driving level;
3. Weighted selling price of cars: based on the quotations of dealers all over the country, the weighted selling price of cars in the current month is calculated by weighting the proportion of car clues. The terminal quotation of the models on sale under the car series and the proportion of the models concerned by consumers will affect the monthly fluctuation of the weighted selling price of the final car series;
4. Source of data: attention, clue number data, vehicle model data, new energy industry index data, etc. come from car home; Car sales come from market terminal sales data.

Download the full report and pay attention to WeChat official account of car home Research Institute. Just enter the keyword "Intelligent Electric Vehicle".

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I. Market Sales Performance

■ Sales of new energy vehicles decreased month-on-month, and the proportion of smart cars reached a new high.

　　In February, the retail sales of passenger car market was 1.095 million, down 21.0% year-on-year and 46.2% quarter-on-quarter. The retail sales volume of the new energy vehicle market was 388,000 vehicles, down 11.6% year-on-year and 42.1% quarter-on-quarter. In February, the domestic retail penetration rate of new energy vehicles was 35.8%, which was 2.9 percentage points higher than that in January, but only 3.8 percentage points higher than that of 32.0% in the same period of last year. The year-on-year increase of penetration rate narrowed, so it is inevitable for car companies to launch a new round of "price war" to compete for the stock market at this moment.

　　Qin PLUS, who took the lead in price reduction in February, won the new energy sales list, while Tesla’s Model Y and Wenjie M7 () ranked second and third in the sales list. In addition, BYD’s five cars, namely Seagull, Song PLUS New Energy, Song Pro New Energy, Dolphin and Yuan PLUS, ranked in the top ten in the sales list. In addition, Hongguang MINIEV and Ideal L7 ranked sixth and ninth in the sales list. Due to the overall decline in sales in February, only the top six cars on the list sold more than 10 thousand.

　　In February, Top 5 smart car brands were BYD, Tesla, AITO Wenjie, LI and Weilai. Among them, BYD’s market share continued to decline by 1.8 percentage points month-on-month, accounting for 17.4% of the total sales of smart electric vehicles. AITO ranks third in the list of smart car hot-selling brands, surpassing LI. In February, the sales of Weilai and Extreme Krypton dropped slightly, ranking fifth and sixth among the best-selling brands of smart cars.

　　Looking at the sales rankings of various cars of smart electric vehicles, Model Y returned to the top of the list, while M7, which had the highest sales volume last month, ranked second with a gap of more than 1,000 vehicles, and they formed the first echelon of smart electric vehicle sales. Ideals L7, L8 and L9 rank third, fifth and eighth in the smart sales list. BYD only entered the top ten of the smart car sales list with three cars: Han, Song Pro New Energy and Song L. Competing in the stock market, BYD is bound to be intelligent. In the 2024 Dream Day held on January 16th, Wang Chuanfu, chairman of BYD, once revealed that "BYD will invest 100 billion yuan in the field of intelligence in the future, leading the development direction of new energy vehicles along the technical route of vehicle intelligence."

■ The sales volume of smart plug-in hybrid cars has dropped significantly.

　　In February, the sales volume of smart electric vehicles decreased by 40.4% from the previous month to 208,000 units. The sharp drop in overall sales has an impact on the proportion and pattern of various vehicle categories. Among them, the sales volume of smart plug-in hybrid vehicles declined the most, with the sales volume falling to 55,000, which was the same as that of intelligent extended-range vehicles. This is directly related to the decline in BYD sales last month. In addition to Qin PLUS new energy, BYD’s Song Pro new energy, Song PLUS new energy, Tang New energy, Han New energy and other car sales all showed a significant decline.

　　In terms of models, the sales of smart electric vehicles of all models declined in February. Among the cars that have sold more than 2,000 vehicles, the sales of Qin PLUS, which has just reduced its price, have increased, and only the sales of Wei brand Lanshan DHT-PHEV have increased slightly in SUV models. The intelligent MPV model saw the biggest decline, with the sales volume falling to 4.3%, and only 0.9 million vehicles were sold. In February, the sales volume of Tengshi D9 decreased by 50% month-on-month. Tucki X9, which just went on the market, ranked second in the sales list of intelligent MPV models, but it was only about one third of the sales volume of Tengshi D9.

Second, the heat of automobile consumption

■ The proportion of new energy concerns has reached a new high, and the proportion of smart cars has dropped.

　　According to car home Big Data, the proportion of attention to new energy sources rebounded in February, up 2.0 percentage points from the previous month, the highest level in history since statistics. The proportion of people concerned about smart electric vehicles declined, down 2.1 percentage points from the previous month to 64.1%. In the meantime, we can see that new energy vehicles with low proportion of smart driving configuration have received more attention this month. Among them, the representative models are Qin PLUS and destroyer 05, both of which have increased their attention by more than 200%.

■ New energy vehicles: The popularity of mainstream brands in China increased year-on-year

　　In the overall new energy market, except for the mainstream brands in China, the proportion of attention of other brand types has decreased. The proportion of attention of mainstream brands in China increased by 6.6 and 1.8 percentage points year-on-year to 58.4% respectively. Among them, the number of followers of BYD’s various cars represented by BYD Qin PLUS has greatly increased. In addition, the attention of Wuling Xingguang, Chang ‘an Qiyuan A05 and Deep Blue SL03, which also responded to the price adjustment, has also been greatly improved.

　　In terms of specific brands, among overseas mainstream brands, Honda and Toyota are equally concerned, and Kia ranks fifth in the attention list with the newly listed 2024 EV5. Among China’s new power brands, Weilai’s 2024 full-range models went on the market, helping Weilai surpass Tucki and rank third in the attention list. Among the mainstream brands in China, BYD’s attention proportion increased by nearly 10 percentage points from the previous month to 35.0%.

■ Smart cars: The popularity of mainstream brands in China increased year-on-year, while that of Tesla decreased year-on-year.

　　In the smart electric vehicle market, the proportion of attention of mainstream brands in China also increased by 7.2 and 0.5 percentage points year-on-year to 47.7%, which was higher than that in the overall new energy market, but lower than that in the overall new energy market. It not only reflects the long-term trend of improving the intelligence level of mainstream brands in China in the past year, but also shows the short-term strategy that mainstream brands in China take the lead in launching a "price war" on low-priced models to get attention.

　　In terms of specific brands, among the new power brands in China, Gaohe Automobile, which announced the suspension of production, ranked fifth in the attention list, mainly because of the negative news that attracted onlookers, and the number of followers of its several models increased by more than 70% month-on-month. Among the mainstream brands in China, Tengshi D9′ s 2024 model went on the market, and Tengshi rose to the third place in the attention list.

■ Medium-sized cars pay attention to the decrease in heat, while medium-sized and large MPVs pay attention to the increase in heat.

　　In terms of vehicle types, in the overall new energy market, the proportion of year-on-year attention of mini-cars and medium-sized cars has declined. Although the proportion of compact cars decreased by 0.3 percentage points year-on-year, it increased by 2.9 percentage points month-on-month, reaching the same level as medium-sized cars and medium-sized and large cars, and the proportion of all three was around 11%.

　　Compact cars are the main battlefield of this round of "price war", and the models with the largest increase in the proportion of concern are BYD Qin PLUS, destroyer 05 and Changan Qiyuan A05. The popularity of medium and large MPVs continued to increase, increasing by 1.9 and 0.2 percentage points year-on-year to 4.5% respectively, among which the number of followers of Tengshi D9, Lantu Dreamer and other cars increased greatly.

　　Looking at the smart electric vehicle market, the attention proportion of medium-sized cars has dropped the most in the past year, with the decline of attention of Tesla Model 3, BMW i3 and Tucki P7 as the representatives. The medium-sized and large SUVs and large SUVs have the highest year-on-year increase in attention. These two types of vehicles have high intelligent configuration rate, leaving a large room for China brands to increase. Among them, the successful performance of ideal L series, Wenjie M series, Wangwang U8 and tank new energy in the market is enough to prove it.

■ AITO asked the world to surpass Tesla and ranked first in the attention of new forces.

　　In February, Tesla’s attention was surpassed by China’s new power brand AITO for the first time. It can be seen from the top ten hot cars of new power brands that Tesla is wrestling with the world of inquiry, with M7 and M9 in the first and fourth places respectively, while Tesla’s Model Y and Model 3 are ranked second and third, and M5 is ranked eighth in the world of inquiry. Weilai once again surpassed Tucki with the listing attention of all the 2024 new models, and the former "Wei Xiaoli" has now become the second echelon of the new power attention list. In February, the top ten hot cars were Zero Run C11 and Aouita 12.

Third, intelligent product analysis

■ In February, 138 new energy vehicles were launched, and smart new vehicles accounted for 69.6%.

　　In February, 138 new cars were launched by New Energy, and the number of new cars listed decreased by 2.1% year-on-year and increased by 29.0% quarter-on-quarter. In February, the intelligent allocation rate of new cars listed on the market increased from the previous month, with a total of 96 smart new cars listed, accounting for 69.6%. The new car comes standard with L2 intelligent driving capability, and the lowest price is the 2024 Longteng version of 1.5TD-DHT Pro 100KM excellent model of Geely Emgrand L HiP, with a guide price of 99,800 yuan; The highest price comes from the first limited edition of the 2024 Hi4-T from Tank 700 New Energy, with a guide price of 700,000 yuan.

■ In February, the overall level of intelligent configuration of new cars rebounded.

　　The intelligent configuration level of new cars listed in February was 69.6%. With the penetration of autonomous driving technology into low-priced vehicles and the gradual landing of advanced self-driving technology, it is estimated that the overall L2-class self-driving function of new vehicles will account for about 60% in 2024. At the same time, in addition to the intelligent basic configuration, the intelligent networked car will pay more attention to the user experience and provide more intelligent and personalized services, such as intelligent suspension system, high-level cognitive intelligent cockpit and smarter voice assistant.

■ All new cars listed above the price of 200,000 basically realize L2 self-driving configuration.

　　　The following figure analyzes the distribution of new cars and smart new energy vehicles in each price range. Among the new energy vehicles listed in February, one new car with a price below 100,000 has reached the smart car standard. The most new models are listed at the price of 100,000-200,000, and the intelligent configuration rate has reached 58.2%. Only one car with a price of more than 200,000 yuan has no L2 self-driving configuration as standard. The average guide price of new smart cars listed was 272,000 yuan, and the median was 210,800 yuan, both of which were lower than last month.

Fourth, the market price trend

■ The new model of Krypton 001 went on the market, and the weighted quotation rose; The new destroyer 05 comes on the market, and the starting price is lowered.

　　In February, the top five cars with the weighted price increase in the smart electric car market were: Extreme Krypton 001, Yuanhang Y6, Toyota bZ3, Baojun Yunduo and Panamera New Energy. The increase in the weighted quotation of Krypton 001 is due to the launch of new models and the increase in the number of clues of high-priced models. Yuanhang Y6 is due to the fluctuation of weighted quotation caused by the unstable clues of various price models just listed in December last year.

　　The top five cars whose weighted selling prices have dropped are: Destroyer 05, Mercedes EQS, Changan Qiyuan A05, Nezha S and BMW i7. The decrease of the weighted selling price of destroyer 05 and Chang ‘an Qiyuan A05 was affected by the official downward adjustment of the guiding price in this round of "price war". The decline in the weighted selling price of Mercedes-Benz EQS is due to the dealer’s downward adjustment of the quotation.

■ Mercedes-Benz EQC dealer quotation is raised; The new Buick E4 model is on the market, and all the prices are reduced.

　　Among SUVs, the top five cars with weighted price increases are: Mercedes-Benz EQC, Lexus UX New Energy, BMW iX3, Kia EV5 and Roewe RX5 eMAX. The increase in the weighted selling price of Mercedes-Benz EQC is due to the dealer’s upward quotation. The increase in the weighted selling price of Lexus UX new energy is also due to the increase in the dealer’s quotation, and the proportion of clues of high-priced models has increased.

　　The top five cars whose weighted selling prices have dropped are Buick E4, Jennisys GV60, Audi Q4 e-tron, Audi e-tron (imported) and Yuanhang H8. Buick E4 is also a participant in this round of "price war". The price of the new Buick E4 has been adjusted, with a decrease of 27,000-30,000 yuan, which has brought down the weighted selling price. The main reason for the decrease in the weighted selling price of GV60 is that the dealer has lowered the quotation, and the distribution of clues of different price models fluctuates due to the launch of new models.

　　After the Spring Festival, the automobile market was swept by a vigorous wave of price reduction, and 2024 will be a crucial year to determine the future market structure. Car companies grit their teeth and make efforts at the same time in price control and intelligence level. In 2024, the intelligent networked automobile industry will continue to grow, and the growth space will shift from "quantity" to "quality" and "new". Technological innovation and policy support will be the key factors to promote the development of the industry. When the competition in the new energy automobile market shifts from incremental market to stock market, the competitiveness of automobile enterprises will be more reflected in the intelligent level. (Text/car home Research Institute)

1905 movie network news On August 31st, the producer, starring, screenwriter and director of the film attended the roadshow at Shenzhen Railway Station to communicate with the audience. The struggle, confusion and relief experienced by four groups of "young to young" families in the film are very topical and emotional, which deeply resonates with the audience. The film is produced and starred by Bo Huang, written and directed by Su Liang, starring,,,,, and is currently being well received. Let’s walk into the cinema and embark on this healing journey with laughter and tears.

　

　Bo Huang feels the same way about parents’ anxiety. The director reminds us not to just seek explicit results.

Bo Huang and Su Liang made a surprise appearance at Shenzhen Station, the national roadshow of the film "Learning Dad", and shared the story behind the film with the audience. Talking about Lei Dali, the father who played almost everything for his children, Bo Huang admitted that although he didn’t like Chicken Baby very much, he felt the same way for the parents of this period: "Being able to fully know why they are doing this and their anxiety at this moment, the pressures they bear and the infinite expectations for their children’s future are all the same."

Some kindergarten teachers are particularly touched by the story of "children grow up young" in the movie. First, they are moved by inherit the wind and always want to give the best to their children. Second, they are concerned about the phenomenon of chickens and babies. From the professional perspective of preschool teachers, she advocates that children in early childhood should learn and develop in games. Although she understands the parents’ good intentions, she hopes that they will pay more attention to their children’s all-round development. Director Su Liang quite agrees with this view. He reminds parents not to pursue only explicit results: "Chicken baby education is a result-oriented education, and many parents are easily attracted by explicit results. However, happiness education or personality education is actually equivalent to implicitly exercising children’s creativity and thinking ability. Although it is difficult to see the results, these hidden things are the most essential part that determines a person. " These words touched many audiences.

　

　The audience saw from "Learning Dad" that Bo Huang gave the audience "Lei Dali’s father’s hug"

Since the film "Learning Dad" was released, the word-of-mouth has been constantly fermenting, and the topics of education and family emotion discussed by it directly hit people’s hearts. Audiences of different ages can see the shadow of themselves or the people around them from the film. A student audience from Shenzhen International School said that she is the real Lucas, and she looks like a "child from other people’s family", but bilingual learning is under great pressure. A young audience holding the hand card of "Lei Dali, Hug" was very excited, saying that they grew up under the education of chickens and sticks. "I have no childhood and have a particularly painful life." He was particularly moved when he saw the scene of Lei Dali hugging Xiaomi in the movie, because he never got a hug from his father. After hearing this, Bo Huang immediately sent him a "hug from Lei Dali’s father", and the scene was quite touching.

The audience with three brushes of "Learning Dad" said that they had a new experience every time they watched it. One brush felt that the director could understand the bitterness of being a parent very well, and the actor interpreted the parents’ rushing and dedication very truly; The second brush took the children to watch together. After returning, I found that the children suddenly became sensible and even more distressed by their parents. I can understand my children better after three brushes. In addition, there are students who are about to enter the third year of high school, and frankly, after watching this film, they have gained great inspiration. They should work hard to move forward, but don’t bear too much pressure. These are what the creators hope the audience can gain in the process of watching movies. Bo Huang said frankly that "Learning Dad" is open to the discussion of educational methods. Everyone has his own answer to this question, because there is more than one choice in life. Lei Xiaomi doesn’t have to go to a prestigious school to have a future. Parents should put aside their obsession of "crossing a wooden bridge with thousands of troops". Little carp doesn’t have to jump the dragon gate, and all roads lead to Rome. I believe that every audience can get healing and inspiration from the movie "Learning Dad".

　

The film "Learning Dad" is a work of Bo Huang’s "HB+U" new director’s assistance plan, and the film is currently being shown.

Esther Yu Ding Yuxi’s "Yu Zhou Zhong Xin" topped the CP list

Recently, the "Yu Zhou Zhong Xin" CP composed by Esther Yu and Ding Yuxi has successfully reached the top of the CP list of major platforms, which has aroused widespread concern. This pair of screen lovers, who became attached to the costume drama "The Star River at Night", won the love of many fans with their sweet interaction and tacit cooperation.

Esther Yu plays the heroine Ling Miaomiao in the play. She is smart, lively and lovely, which is a perfect complement to the hero Mu Sheng played by Ding Yuxi. The sweet interaction between the two people in the play, whether eye contact or physical contact, is full of love, which makes people feel like they are in a romantic and sweet world.

In addition to the wonderful performance in the play, the interaction between Esther Yu and Ding Yuxi outside the play has also attracted much attention. They often participate in various activities together, support each other, encourage each other, and show deep friendship. This tacit understanding and cooperation not only make their fans happy, but also attract more people to pay attention to and like this pair of CP.

The summit of "Yu Zhou Zhong Xin" CP is not only the affirmation of Esther Yu and Ding Yuxi’s acting skills, but also the recognition of their tacit understanding and efforts. Their sweet interaction in the play not only makes the audience feel the beauty of love, but also conveys positive energy.

　　Reference message networkReported on August 6Western media said that it is not easy to create an Olympic mascot, and it is even more difficult for people to like it and stay in memory. Mascots first appeared at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games in Germany. "National newspaper" organized a number of design experts to count and rank 12 mascots since Munich Olympic Games.

　　According to the Spanish newspaper El Pais on August 4th, the original mascots often faithfully reflect the most representative animals in the host city or country. Many mascots are conservative in design and lack innovation. So Spanish designer Javier Mariscal brought the mascot Cobi to the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games. Cobi outlined by abstract lines brings infinite imagination to people, but we can still see the appearance of Spanish shepherd. Izzy, the mascot of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, is a completely imaginary creature. Design experts point out that high recognition is very important for a mascot. The image of the mascot should not be a cliche, at least let the audience spend a second thinking: why is it designed like this?

　　According to the report, in the minds of several design experts, the mascot of the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, Beaver Amik, ranked first from the bottom, the mascots of the Barcelona, Rio and Munich Olympic Games occupied the top three, and the mascot of the Beijing Olympic Games, Fuwa, ranked seventh in the middle reaches. The following will introduce these 12 Olympic mascots one by one from back to front:

　　Twelfth place: Amik, the mascot of the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games.

　　Amik’s image is a realistic beaver. Beaver is a unique animal in Canada, and Amik means "beaver" in aboriginal language. Design experts believe that Amik’s design is too simple, lacking originality and dull in color. Many spectators forgot all about this dusty beaver after this Olympic Games.

　　Eleventh place: Izzy, mascot of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games.

　　No one knows what Izzy really is. It was the first Olympic mascot that didn’t represent any real animals. In fact, its original name was "What’s this". According to the designer, Izzy is a little boy who lives in a city among the Olympic flame and dreams of participating in the Olympic Games. The reason why Izzy hangs the Olympic rings on his eyes and tail is to be able to transform at will and have stronger athletic ability. Although Izzy’s birth broke the old rules, the sense of over-exertion in design did not win the favor of the audience and experts.

　　Tenth place: Sam, mascot of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games.

　　Sam, the mascot designed by the American Disney Company, is a perfect interpretation of the United States, and almost all the cultural representative elements of the United States are collected. Sam is a bald eagle, the national bird of the United States, with the same name as the American symbol "Uncle Sam", and the color of his clothes is taken from the American flag. It is worth noting that the last Los Angeles Olympic Games was held in Moscow, when the United States and the Soviet Union were in the cold war. Therefore, experts agree that Sam’s interpretation is more like patriotism than the Olympic spirit.

　　Ninth place: Misha, mascot of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games.

　　Misha is a Russian bear, created by a famous Soviet illustrator for children. Its image has been used in hundreds of Olympic souvenirs such as T-shirts, backpacks and cups, so it has made great achievements in the commercialization of mascots. However, experts believe that Misha’s design is not successful, because its audience seems to be limited to children, and it can’t convey the Olympic spirit well.

　　Eighth place: Olly, Sid and Millie, mascots of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games

　　Olly, Sid and Millie are three endemic animals in Australia: Kookawa, platypus and echidna. Experts believe that these mascots are really cute, interesting and different, but it seems that this is more because of the selection of rare species as mascots than because of the brilliant design. If nothing else, these mascots at least enable the audience to distinguish the mole from the echidna and know that the platypus is a mammal.

　　Seventh place: Fuwa, the mascot of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games

　　The five Fuwa are called Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying and Nini, and their shapes incorporate elements of fish, panda, Olympic flame, Tibetan antelope and swallow. The colors of the five Fuwa are taken from the Olympic rings, and they also represent the five elements of China — — Gold, wood, water, fire and earth. Interestingly, reading their names together means "Welcome to Beijing". Experts believe that the image of Fuwa is quite Asian, but the five mascots seem to be too scattered. For ordinary people, it is not easy to keep all their names in mind and correspond to them one by one.

　　Fifth place: Hodori, the mascot of the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, and Athena and Phevos, the mascots of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games.

　　The mascot of Seoul Olympic Games is a little tiger named Hodori. Experts believe that this little tiger, which looks rather like a cat, is very cute, symbolizing friendship, joy and respect.

　　With Hodori tied, Athens Olympic mascots Athena and Phevos were brothers and sisters. Their creations are inspired by ancient Greek clay sculptures. Experts pointed out that the unique image of the two brothers and sisters broke the tradition, and the hand-in-hand gesture conveyed the spirit of world harmony and friendship first.

　　Fourth place: Wenlock, the mascot of the 2012 London Olympic Games.

　　According to the designer, Wenlock is made of the last drop of molten iron left when casting the steel beam of London Olympic Stadium. Wenlock’s name is to commemorate the wenlock Games held in March wenlock, England. Coubertin, the father of the Olympics, was inspired by the wenlock Games, and then founded the modern Olympic Movement. Experts believe that Wenlock’s image is completely out of animal nature and quite innovative.

　　Third place: Waldi, mascot of the 1972 Munich Olympic Games.

　　The first mascot in the history of the Summer Olympic Games was Waldi the dachshund. Dachshunds are produced in Bavaria, Germany. They are very cute with long body and short legs. Waldi’s image represents the tenacity and agility of athletes. However, some experts pointed out that the five rings represent five continents, and Waldi has only three colors, which is suspected of ignoring Africa and America.

　　Second place: Vinicius, mascot of Rio 2016 Olympic Games.

　　This half-monkey, half-cat, blue and yellow mascot is inspired by Brazilian animals. Vinicius was named in memory of Brazilian musician and diplomat vinicius de Moraes. Experts believe that Vinicius conveys joy and sportsmanship, with a pleasing image and a sense of the times. Other experts emphasized that designers also expressed their love and respect for the natural environment through Vinicius.

　　First place: Cobi, mascot of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games.

　　Some people may think that Spanish design experts will definitely wear the laurel on the head of the Spanish mascot during the selection. But experts said that Cobi won the first place — — The lovely shepherd image represents joy and innocence, and the simple and smooth lines are not only contemporary, but also impressive. (Compile/Liu Lifei)

　　Caption: The group of Olympic mascots, from left to right, are Sam, Izzy, Hodori and Cobi, mascots of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, 1988 Seoul Olympic Games and 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games (picture from EL PAIS website).

　　[Autohome News] A few days ago, Geely announced some configuration information of its new small SUV – (|). The new car is the first SUV model under the BMA modular architecture. From the information released this time, the car is equipped with a wealth of technological and active safety configurations, including intelligent pilot, automatic intelligent parking, urban pre-collision system, pedestrian identification protection system, etc., to achieve L2-level intelligent assisted driving. In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a 1.5T inline three-cylinder direct injection engine, and the official 0-100km/h acceleration time is 7.9 seconds.

　　According to the official information released this time, Binyue’s intelligent assisted driving related configurations are very rich. Among them, the intelligent pilot system provides traffic congestion assistance and lane keeping functions, which can keep the lane at any time, and realize intelligent following with automatic speed and steering control; the adaptive cruise system can realize following and starting and stopping in the speed range of 0-150km/h. In addition, the fully automatic parking system equipped with Binyue also supports the functions of automatic warehousing of horizontal/vertical parking spaces and automatic warehousing of horizontal parking spaces.

　　In active safety configuration, Colorful is equipped with pre-collision safety system, lane departure warning, blind spot monitoring, pedestrian identification and protection system, intelligent high beam control, traffic speed limit identification, etc. In addition, traditional tire temperature and tire pressure monitoring, high definition driving recorder, body stabilization system, etc. are also readily available.

　　In terms of connectivity functions, Binyue provides the GKUI Jike intelligent ecosystem. Through "Hello, Binyue" or custom wake-up voice, drivers and passengers can realize voice control of windows, air conditioners, sunroof, multimedia, navigation and other functions through automatic speech recognition function. At the same time, GKUI also has built-in online music library, Himalayan listening, etc., which is matched with a 10.25-inch central control screen and a 7-inch instrument panel display. In addition, the T-BOX remote control system also allows owners to realize remote start, air conditioner/air purifier/seat heating/door lock/electric tailgate opening through the mobile app, as well as vehicle positioning and other 85 functions or information inquiry functions.

　　In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a 1.5T direct injection three-cylinder engine developed by Geely and Volvo. Its maximum power is 177 horsepower and peak torque is 255 Nm. The transmission system is matched with a 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox. Geely said that the transmission efficiency of this 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox is 97%, and the shift time is only 0.2 seconds. Under the impetus of this powertrain, the official 0-100km/h acceleration time of Colorful is 7.9 seconds, and the fuel consumption under comprehensive operating conditions is 6.1L/100km. (Compiler/Autohome Diao Hao)

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