Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 1st Title: Interpretation of "Five-year Construction Drawings" of National Intellectual Property Undertakings

Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Linlin and Zhang Quan

Recently, the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Protection and Utilization of National Intellectual Property Rights" was officially issued, which is a concrete "construction drawing" for the development of intellectual property rights in the first five years of China’s comprehensive new journey of building a strong intellectual property country.

What are the goals and priorities of China’s intellectual property development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period? How to plan the layout to promote the creation, transformation, application and protection of intellectual property rights? On the 1st, the State Council held a routine briefing on the State Council policy for a special interpretation.

Clarify eight expected quantitative indicators to form an overall pattern of "creation+application+protection"

"The plan defines the" four new "goals of intellectual property protection to a new level, new achievements in application, new level of service and new breakthroughs in international cooperation during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and puts forward eight expected indicators to ensure that the phased objectives and tasks of building a strong intellectual property country are completed as scheduled." China National Intellectual Property Administration director Shen Changyu said.

The expected quantitative indicators specifically include: the number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 population reaches 12, the number of overseas invention patents authorized reaches 90,000, the registered amount of intellectual property pledge financing reaches 320 billion yuan, the total annual import and export volume of intellectual property royalties reaches 350 billion yuan, the added value of patent-intensive industries accounts for 13% of GDP, the added value of copyright industries accounts for 7.5% of GDP, the social satisfaction of intellectual property protection reaches 82 points, and the rate of judgment and interest litigation in intellectual property civil first-instance cases reaches 85%.

"Compared with the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the main indicator system of intellectual property rights in the 14th Five-Year Plan has extended 2 indicators, improved 3 indicators and added 3 indicators, forming an overall pattern of" creation+application+protection ". The most important feature is that it reflects quality and value orientation. " Ge Shu, Director of China National Intellectual Property Administration Strategic Planning Department, introduced.

From the specific analysis, the index of "the number of high-value invention patents per 10,000 population" focuses on "high value", which is conducive to guiding the transformation of patents from pursuing quantity to improving quality. The number of overseas invention patents granted reflects the distribution of overseas patents in China, replacing the index of PCT patent applications in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and changing from measuring the number of applications to measuring the number of patents granted, which can better reflect the quality of innovation.

Focus on outstanding issues and emerging challenges, and make overall plans to promote the transformation and application of intellectual property rights.

In recent years, the problem of low patent implementation rate in universities and scientific research institutions is more prominent, and one of the important reasons is the weak willingness to transform and the restriction of institutional mechanisms. "During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the key to improving the effectiveness of intellectual property transfer and transformation is to solve the problems of’ not wanting to transfer’ and’ not being able to transfer’ between innovation subjects and market subjects." Lei Xiaoyun, director of China National Intellectual Property Administration Intellectual Property Promotion Department, said.

To this end, the plan has made a series of important arrangements to further promote the reform of the distribution of state-owned intellectual property rights, improve the intangible assets evaluation system, fully give universities and research institutes the autonomy to dispose of intellectual property rights, promote the establishment of an income distribution mechanism for intellectual property rights transformation with equal rights and obligations, and improve the decision-making mechanism for intellectual property rights transfer and transformation of state-owned enterprises and institutions.

"In the next step, China National Intellectual Property Administration will solve the problem of intellectual property transfer and transformation with greater efforts." Lei Xiaoyun said.

The COVID-19 epidemic has accelerated the development of digital economy, and at the same time, it has put forward higher requirements for intellectual property protection in the digital field. "In order to make the digital economy stable and far-reaching, we must solve the property right problem of data as a new factor of production. Only in this way can data flow reasonably, make full use of it and protect it efficiently, which requires a good system design." Shen Changyu said.

He introduced that China National Intellectual Property Administration will start to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in emerging fields: First, improve the patent examination rules for new fields and new formats such as the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence, and improve the relevant intellectual property transfer and transformation mechanism; The second is to promote the implementation of data intellectual property protection projects and accelerate the construction of data intellectual property protection rules; The third is to promote the integrated development of online and offline intellectual property protection, and to deal with the problems of various infringements in the information age, such as frequent occurrence, rapid occurrence, rapid disappearance and easy loss of evidence.

Zhang Zhicheng, Director of the Intellectual Property Protection Department of China National Intellectual Property Administration, said that China National Intellectual Property Administration will explore the rules for data intellectual property protection, give consideration to intellectual property protection in both traditional fields and new formats, innovate and optimize the protection rules, improve the working system, deepen the pilot demonstration, focus on preventing overseas risks, actively promote the construction of a large-scale protection work pattern, and effectively stimulate the vitality of innovation.

Promote opening to the outside world in a wider scope, in a wider field and at a deeper level.

"A new breakthrough in international cooperation in intellectual property rights" is one of the main goals proposed in the plan. How will international cooperation and competition in the field of intellectual property be promoted as a whole during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period?

Gan Shaoning, deputy director of China National Intellectual Property Administration, said that he will actively participate in global governance of intellectual property rights, actively participate in improving the international rules system of intellectual property rights, and actively promote multilateral and bilateral negotiations on intellectual property rights related to economy and trade.

Specifically, it includes: strengthening cooperation and consultation with the World Intellectual Property Organization, promoting the improvement of international rules and standards such as intellectual property rights and related international trade and investment, studying and participating in the formulation of international rules and standards for intellectual property rights in new fields and new formats, properly coping with international disputes over intellectual property rights, and rationally setting intellectual property issues in relevant negotiations.

In addition, in order to better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises overseas, Gan Shaoning introduced that according to the planned deployment, overseas IPR protection assistance will be strengthened, insurance institutions will be encouraged to carry out overseas IPR infringement insurance business, foreign trade IPR protection projects will be implemented, and international law enforcement cooperation channels to combat IPR infringement crimes will be expanded. Establish a customs cross-border cooperation mechanism.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture, which originated from the excellent traditional Chinese culture nurtured by the 5,000-year civilization history of the Chinese nation, was cast in the revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture created by the Party leading the people in revolution, construction and reform, and was rooted in the great practice of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

— — On October 18, 2017, the report was published in The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

Strengthening cultural self-confidence is inseparable from the cognition and application of Chinese national history. History is a mirror, from which we can better see the world, understand life and know ourselves; History is also a wise man. By talking with history, we can better understand the past, grasp the present and face the future.

— — On November 30, 2016, he delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the 10th National Congress of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the 9th National Congress of China Writers Association.

Both history and reality have proved that the Chinese nation has strong cultural creativity. At every major historical juncture, culture can feel the changes of the national movement, establish the tide of the times, make the first sound of the times, and drum and shout for hundreds of millions of people and the great motherland. Chinese culture not only adheres to its roots, but also keeps pace with the times, which enables the Chinese nation to maintain firm national self-confidence and strong repair ability, and cultivate common feelings and values, common ideals and spirits.

— — On October 15, 2014, speech at the symposium on literary and artistic work

More than 2,000 years ago, the grand occasion of hundred schools of thought appeared in China. Thinkers such as Laozi, Confucius and Mozi studied astronomy and poor geography, extensively explored the true meaning of the relationship between people, people and society, and people and nature, and put forward a profound ideological system. Many ideas put forward by them, such as filial piety, loyalty, courtesy, honesty and shame, benevolence and love, kindness to others, harmony between man and nature, natural Taoism and self-improvement, still deeply affect Chinese’s life. Chinese has his own unique value system when he looks at the world, society and life.

— — Speech at the European Institute in Bruges on April 1, 2014.

Without the inheritance and development of civilization and the promotion and prosperity of culture, there would be no realization of the Chinese dream. The ancestors of the Chinese nation have long yearned for a world of great harmony in which people’s material life is full and carefree and their moral realm is fully sublimated. Chinese civilization has always incorporated people’s spiritual life into life and social ideals. Therefore, realizing the Chinese dream is the development process of fly with me’s material civilization and spiritual civilization.

— — Speech at UNESCO headquarters on March 27th, 2014.

Don’t forget that you can open up the future, and you can innovate better if you are good at inheritance. We should persist in making the past serve the present, bring forth the new, treat it discriminately, inherit it without discarding the useless, and strive to educate people with all the spiritual wealth created by the Chinese nation.

— — On February 24, 2014, he delivered a speech at the 13th collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.

We should not only understand the history and culture of China, but also open our eyes to the world, understand the history and culture of different nationalities in the world, discard its dross, take its essence, get inspiration from it and use it for us.

— — Speech at the celebration meeting of the 80th anniversary of the founding of the Central Party School and the opening ceremony of the spring semester in 2013 on March 1, 2013.

　　26-year-old, Ph.D. in biochemistry and molecular biology from Nanjing University. At the age of 33, he was supported by the Outstanding Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. At the age of 42, the carrying team developed a new method for inducing nano-scale precise mineralization by DNA self-assembly structure and published it in Nature, which achieved the first major breakthrough in the field of DNA nanotechnology by China researchers. In the last seven years, he has been selected as one of the "highly cited scientists in the world". At the age of 45, he was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences, and he is currently the youngest academician in Shanghai.

　　He is Professor Wang Kuancheng from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University and Fan Chunhai, Executive Dean of the Institute of Translational Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University, a cross-border scientist who spans many fields of chemistry, physics and medicine.

　　Fan Chunhai’s current office is located in the Translational Medicine Research Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Next to the simple and bright office is a uniform laboratory. The experimental platform is filled with all kinds of equipment, and there are few other colors except black and white. All this just coincides with his character of dealing with people-determined, methodical and courageous. An interview with him by Xinmin Weekly was recently held in his office.

Establish the first international RNA nucleic acid detection standard

　　Fan Chunhai, who was elected as an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2019, has been devoted to basic research fields such as DNA self-assembly, DNA storage and molecular machines, and has made remarkable achievements. In recent years, he began to focus on transforming basic research results into clinic and seeking well-being for human health.

　　At the beginning of 2020, a sudden COVID-19 epidemic plunged the world into a great panic. It is one of the most effective means to quickly confirm the infected person by nucleic acid detection. Fan Chunhai, who has been dealing with nucleic acids for more than 20 years, is the hero behind this technology.

　　Just after the Spring Festival in 2020, Fan Chunhai coordinated and organized the joint research team of Jiaotong University and Shanghai Institute of Metrology, and began to work hard day and night, finally overcoming the technical difficulties of unstable RNA reagents. After more than 40 days of unremitting efforts, the first international standard substance for RNA nucleic acid detection was established. Fan Chunhai said that this is like a weight on a balance, which requires a clear measurement standard. The latest research results of this joint research are provided free of charge by Shanghai Metrology Institute to many nucleic acid reagent manufacturers and medical institutions. A total of more than 1000 bottles of COVID-19 RNA standard materials were distributed to more than 100 units including Shanghai Customs, Shanghai CDC, Wuhan CDC, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Zhijiang Biotechnology Company.

　　With long-term accumulation and team strength, the basic research results can finally be transformed into practical applications, and the key moment is to share the worries of the country and benefit the people. As a scientific research worker, Fan Chunhai feels gratified.

　　At present, the Institute of Translational Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University, led by Fan Chunhai, carries the construction and operation of the country’s major scientific and technological infrastructure of translational medicine. He hopes that through this platform, more new methods of nucleic acid detection will be transformed into clinic, and early detection including infectious diseases and cancer will be realized through this platform.

　　At present, middle-aged and older men in physical examination have been generally screened for prostate cancer markers. However, common physical examination indicators are often difficult to distinguish benign lesions from canceration. Fan Chunhai is exploring better tumor markers than common detection methods, which is expected to become a new generation of prostate cancer markers. At present, the research results of this new method for early screening of prostate cancer are being actively carried out in clinical trials with Renji Hospital.

　　Fan Chunhai knows that there is a huge gap between basic research and clinical application of real medicine. His greatest hope is to build a bridge and fill this gap by transforming a national platform such as medical facilities.

DNA origami, a new use of DNA

　　Another important basic research direction of Fan Chunhai is DNA origami.

　　We are all familiar with DNA and know that DNA is the code of life, but you may not know that it can be knitted like a sweater and assembled like Lego. This technique is called DNA origami.

　　Different from the traditional DNA assembly technology, DNA origami can controllably construct highly complex nano-patterns or structures by base complementation between a long DNA single strand and a series of short DNA fragments.

　　In 2006, American scientist Paul Rothemund bent and folded a smiling face with a long DNA chain of 7,000 base pairs. Fan Chunhai was one of the earliest scientists who participated in the research of DNA origami. Also in 2006, he and Academician He Lin of Shanghai Jiaotong University constructed a map of China based on the principle of DNA origami technology, which became the second published achievement in this field.

　　Now, scientists can use DNA origami to make our genetic material into various shapes, such as the national treasure panda. Fan Chunhai pointed out that in nature, DNA exists not only in the form of double helix, but also in various forms of DNA and RNA nucleic acid, including ring and rod. "We can think of DNA as a very soft wool. When it collides with hundreds of short-chain fragments and is assembled together, it can be woven into any shape we want just like wool."

　　In Fan Chunhai’s view, the naming of DNA origami is a beautiful misunderstanding. "Americans don’t understand knitting sweaters. He thinks it is origami, so he named this technology origami. This is a wrong start, but it brings beauty and prosperity to an entire field. "

　　It has been 15 years since 2006, and scientists’ DNA origami can also construct various nano-scale shapes from one to two and then to three, just like 3D printing. So, what can we do with these shapes?

　　Fan Chunhai pointed out that in the macro world, one of the most useful materials for human beings is frame materials. Similarly, in the nano-world, coding the AGTC letters of DNA into some framework substances can make some biomolecules, such as nucleic acid itself, aptamers, antibodies, protein, enzymes and other substances live in the nano-house built by DNA framework. This is the latest definition put forward by Fan Chunhai-the framework structure made of DNA is called framework nucleic acid.

　　This is a kind of artificially designed structural nucleic acid, whose size, morphology and mechanical properties can be programmed, that is, we can make it as fine as a bird’s nest by programming the four letters AGTC. With this home, we can provide structural support for elements such as nucleic acid, protein and antibody, so that we can do better early detection of cancer, do better cancer treatment, or provide better tools for the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.

　　In 2019, Fan Chunhai’s team summarized this academic thought in the journal Nature Chemistry. On the occasion of its 10th anniversary, it invited more than 50 international scientists to jointly write "The Road to Chemistry" to discuss the future challenging problems in the field of chemistry. Among them, Fan Chunhai’s challenging question in the field of chemistry is: "An exciting frontier of the discipline is to understand how artificially designed nucleic acid structures are assembled and play a role in living cells and animals. Creating new tools to control the assembly process of natural and artificial nucleic acid molecules in living cells will probably bring revolutionary changes to the field of nucleic acid chemistry, thus promoting the development of nano-diagnosis and treatment and precision medicine. In the longer term, another promising research direction is to explore and develop DNA or RNA robots with artificial intelligence and work in animals and humans. "

　　Fan Chunhai’s team wrote an entry: We don’t use the genetic information of DNA, but its structural information, and use its three-dimensional structure to serve our life itself.

　　After decades of hard work, people can now make a very complicated molecular machines. But as far as cells are concerned, these machines based on organic molecules cannot function on the surface of solutions or in human cells. Molecular machines’s protein is assembled and decomposed in cells in a highly conservative way, but it is difficult to achieve this level of intelligence by organic synthesis.

　　At present, Fan Chunhai’s team has made an intelligent DNA navigator embedded with depth-first search program through DNA assembly technology. This means that DNA robots can solve mazes on the surface of two-dimensional DNA.

　　In the latest research, Fan Chunhai’s team also developed an intelligent DNA nanorobot that can enter living cells.

　　"It is still a dream to have a DNA nanorobot that can be used for treatment. I personally think that one day, we will have DNA-based machines, DNA-based self-assembly machines and DNA-based nano-robots to treat diseases in the human body, thus changing people’s views on diseases and diagnosis and treatment. "

How do cross-border scholars refine?

　　In the results of the co-election of academicians of China Academy of Sciences, Fan Chunhai belongs to the Ministry of Chemistry; In 2019, he won the most influential award in the field of life sciences in China-the Tan Jiazhen Prize for Innovation in Life Sciences, and the work unit he chose after returning to China was the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The scope of "cross-border" seems a bit large. In this regard, Fan Chunhai’s explanation is: "The subject field and research direction are different concepts. My research direction has not changed for more than 20 years. I have been engaged in basic research on biosensing since I was a graduate student, just to explore the unknown world and need a broader vision. "

　　In 1992, Fan Chunhai, who was preparing to take the college entrance examination, applied for the Department of Biochemistry of Nanjing University. "At that time, the choice of biochemistry was blind and I didn’t understand it at all. But I vaguely feel that biochemistry has both biology and chemistry. This name is cool! " Fan Chunhai recalled.

　　When Fan Chunhai was studying at Nanjing University, there was a strong interdisciplinary atmosphere in the Department of Biochemistry. The slogan of the department was "If you can’t learn chemistry well, you can’t do biochemistry well". Zhu Dexu, one of the pioneers of biopharmaceutical technology research and development in China and the founder of heparin and urokinase industry, was then the head of the department, and Li Genxi, a doctoral student of China Academy of Sciences, the pioneer of the concept of life analytical chemistry and the founder of the State Key Laboratory of Life Analytical Chemistry, taught in the Department of Biochemistry. Fan Chunhai was guided by teachers during his graduate studies, and started at the intersection of two academic inheritance lines of biochemistry and life analytical chemistry, engaged in the research of electrochemical biosensors, which was a frontier interdisciplinary subject at that time.

　　To keep advancing in frontier disciplines, we must know more about the international scientific research trends. "When I was studying, I often needed to read foreign literature. Unfortunately, the literature I saw at that time would lag behind at least half a year." Fan Chunhai came across an exclusive interview with Professor Alan Alan Heeger (winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) of the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) in Advanced Materials magazine. Haig said: After winning the Nobel Prize, I hope to do something I didn’t dare to do before, such as biology, especially biosensing is the most important thing. Fan Chunhai had a feeling of hitting it off, and immediately applied to Professor Haig for a postdoctoral position, which was finally recognized.

　　After coming to the beautiful coastal city of Santa Barbara, California, Fan Chunhai discovered that Haig was actually a professor of physics, and he always considered himself a physicist. A physicist won the Nobel Prize in chemistry and then started to do biology, which made Fan Chunhai feel very shocked. Many years later, Professor Haig said modestly in a speech in China: "I knew nothing about biology at that time, and even the most basic knowledge such as DNA molecules was taught by Chunhai."

　　The postdoctoral experience in Haig Laboratory made Fan Chunhai step into the frontier of interdisciplinary from a fledgling young researcher. "What impressed me most was that Professor Haig had a very broad vision of the problem, and he especially respected interdisciplinary." Fan Chunhai said that working in Haig’s laboratory requires multiple scientific research projects at the same time, which once overwhelmed him. "You just pick the most important thing to do." The tutor’s words made Fan Chunhai enlightened, and have always guided him to make judgments.

　　Under the guidance of Professor Haig, Fan Chunhai has made some research progress, and related research work has been published in authoritative magazines such as Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS). Among them, an electrochemical DNA biosensor named E-DNA has been developed, which has been widely praised by international peers. American Chemical Society C&E News rated it as one of the important chemical progress in 2003.

　　The postdoctoral experience has greatly broadened Fan Chunhai’s horizons and strengthened his confidence in interdisciplinary research. At that time, China was in the initial stage of discipline construction and needed a lot of new blood. In January 2004, Fan Chunhai joined sinap.

　　Coincidentally, on the day of his entry defense, the Shanghai synchrotron radiation light source project undertaken by the institute was approved after ten years of hard preparation. This was the largest scientific research facility in China at that time, which attracted worldwide attention. That night, firecrackers exploded to celebrate. Fan Chunhai immediately decided to choose the Institute of Applied Physics and signed the contract the next day. Guided by what was later called "Shanghai Light Source Spirit", this internationally advanced synchrotron radiation light source was completed in only five years. In 2009, Nature magazine reported on the topic "China entered the world-class synchrotron radiation club".

　　And these five years are exactly the five years that Fan Chunhai started from scratch and built the laboratory from scratch. Fan Chunhai, inspired by the spirit of Shanghai Light Source, hopes to do research work with the same international influence. Mr. Li Mingan and researcher Hu Jun of the Institute are early explorers in the cross-research of nano-biology in China. With their guidance and help, Fan Chunhai, combined with his own background in DNA research, gradually made it clear that DNA nanotechnology was the starting point to form research characteristics. This multidisciplinary research team, which integrates physics, chemistry and biology, has a unique interdisciplinary research atmosphere, which not only enables biosensor research to advance rapidly, but also broadens more frontier research directions.

　　After years of accumulation, Fan Chunhai’s team developed a new method to induce nano-scale precise mineralization by DNA self-assembly structure, which significantly improved its mechanical properties under the premise of maintaining the exquisite design of DNA nanostructures, and opened a new door for the construction and analysis of bionic nano-channels. This work was published in the journal Nature in 2018, which achieved the first breakthrough of China researchers in the field of DNA nanotechnology.

　　In this year, Fan Chunhai officially joined the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University as Professor Wang Kuancheng. Fan Chunhai built the laboratory of "Framework Nucleic Acid Design and Nano-medical Diagnosis and Treatment" based on the newly completed national major scientific and technological infrastructure of translational medicine. Translational medicine facilities have gathered a group of experts from physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and even data science, because many new theories and technologies have emerged at the edge or intersection of disciplines.

　　This is a new starting point and a new journey. Fan Chunhai hopes that on the basis of more than 20 years of basic research on biosensing, the developed new method of nucleic acid analysis will be transformed and applied in practical clinic, and the possibility of low-cost medical detection will be explored, which will provide convenience for "sensing life" and escort people’s health.

Curiosity brings innovation challenges.

　　Fan Chunhai said that he was "not very clever" but "very curious". "Some people like to study one thing very much; There is another kind of people, such as me, who are curious and find this interesting and that interesting, so they do something overlapping. I once joked with middle school students. If you are not very smart, it is good to be an interdisciplinary subject, at least for me. "

　　On the surface, it seems that interdisciplinary subjects need to know something about everything, more chemistry in biology and more biology in chemistry, but on the other hand, it is not easy to really do a good job of crossing. "In fact, you have to have a deeper understanding of both disciplines, not superficial, just content to cross it. It takes a long time to explain and solve the important problems of another subject with the content of one subject. It is easy to do it, but it is not easy to do it well. "

　　At present, Fan Chunhai began to care about "semiconductor synthetic biology" again.

　　The so-called synthetic biology, in fact, regards life and cells as a computer, which contains circuits, memories and CPU. On the basis of cell circuits, scientists make innovative drugs, functional materials and energy substitutes through artificial design. "Some people say that synthetic biology can realize artificial life. This is a revolution in scientific thinking of biology and a brand-new development of life science. In 2018, three pioneers of synthetic biology have won the Nobel Prize."

　　Fan Chunhai said that the semiconductor synthetic biology was actually deployed by the American Semiconductor Alliance in 2013, representing the integration of information technology and biotechnology. After the road map of semiconductor synthetic biology was released in 2018, the relevant ministries and commissions in China felt very important and immediately organized personnel to start research. "It is a little later than the United States, but everyone thinks this is a very important thing and we should do it."

　　It is found that DNA big data storage is the core issue of semiconductor synthetic biology in the roadmap of semiconductor synthetic biology. Subsequently, DNA big data storage, quantum computing, quantum communication, etc., as representatives of cutting-edge technologies, were written into the national "14 th Five-Year Plan", and the state indicated that it would speed up the layout.

　　In 2020, the world’s data will be 44 ZBs, or 440 trillion bytes, and will reach 1,750 trillion bytes by 2025. In order to save these 44 ZB data in the world, the electricity consumption may be the power generation of the entire Three Gorges Dam, and in addition, the manpower, material resources, financial resources and land occupation that need to be paid are very big problems. 90% of such a large amount of data is "cold data" that is rarely called, but it must be saved. This is a great challenge for electronic storage, because the life of electronic storage technology can only be in the order of decades.

　　Not only storage, but also transmission has become a huge problem. In 2019, the black hole data was released, forming a very beautiful black hole pattern. The data it collects in one night is 5 PB, and it takes 10,000 hard disks to save it. There is almost no way to transmit it by Internet, but to transport it by plane, which has surpassed our traditional understanding of data. With the increasing amount of data collected, how should the data be transmitted?

　　Fan Chunhai said that under such challenges, DNA data storage has sprung up suddenly, and everyone thinks that the prospect is infinite, because DNA is the four bases of A, T, C and G. If it is synthesized, it is actually the process of encoding and writing information. With sequencing technology, information can be read and decoded.

　　But in 1988, when someone proposed to use DNA to store information, everyone thought it was a scientist’s whimsy and could not see any application scenarios. In 2015, Microsoft first proposed to use DNA as information storage. In 2018, they realized 200 megabytes of storage for the first time. In 2019, Huawei announced the roadmap of Innovation 2.0 and proposed four technologies that will change the future, one of which is to invest in DNA storage and break through the capacity limit of data storage.

　　"The data of 10 million hard disks can be saved with 50 grams of DNA and taken away with you. The data of 44 ZBs around the world can be saved with 200 kilograms of DNA." Fan Chunhai said that this is a completely subversive new technology that can meet the needs of data explosion. This technology brings ultra-high density, ultra-long service life, ultra-low energy consumption and super anti-interference ability. Of course, there are still great challenges in the realization of DNA storage technology, such as writing speed, writing cost and reading mode, but this is both a challenge and an opportunity.

　　From macro to micro, many things that we seem to be just imagination are extremely challenging international frontier scientific topics in Fan Chunhai’s scientific world, which contain passwords that change our lives. In Fan Chunhai’s view, "science itself has no disciplinary boundaries. What technology you use, physics or chemistry, or nanotechnology, etc., is actually not so important. What is important is that you discover some new methods and use some new technologies to observe and decipher the mysteries of life." (Reporter Chen Bing) (This column is co-organized: Shanghai Science and Technology Popularization Volunteers Association)

On March 29th, Country Garden (02007.HK) issued an announcement, delaying the publication of 2023 annual results; Trading in the company’s shares was suspended on the Stock Exchange from 9: 00 am on April 2.

Country Garden explained that due to the continuous fluctuations in the industry, the business environment faced by the Group is becoming increasingly complex, and the company needs to collect more information to make appropriate accounting estimates and judgments, so as to reasonably reflect the changes in the industry and the company in the consolidated financial statements for 2023.

At the same time, as the debt restructuring work of the Company is still in progress, the projects are numerous and widely distributed, and the related due diligence involves a large amount of work and high complexity, the Company needs more time to collect relevant financial data to evaluate the current and future financial resources and financial obligations of the Group.

Country Garden said that the company continued to go all out to ensure the smooth progress of the delivery work. In 2023, more than 600,000 houses were delivered, with a total delivery area of 71.62 million square meters. Country Garden told The Paper that it expects to deliver over 480,000 sets this year and over 1 million sets in two years.

As for the guaranteed delivery, Country Garden said in the announcement that as of the announcement date, the company will continue to adhere to the earmarking of funds and strictly manage the pre-sale monitoring funds, and at the same time use various support policies and rely on policies to help the project delivery.

In terms of liquidity, Country Garden said that the company is striving to revitalize assets such as bulk businesses and reduce non-core and non-essential operating expenses, so as to keep the delivery bottom line and make every effort to improve the liquidity situation.

In addition, Country Garden attaches great importance to the cooperative relationship with suppliers. In the current market fluctuation, the Group keeps continuous communication with major contractors and suppliers to ensure that all parties maintain a consensus on the project schedule and funding arrangements, and continue to effectively ensure the normal operation of the project and complete the task of ensuring the delivery of the building through negotiation of a reasonable payment plan.

At the same time, the company attaches great importance to debt risk resolution. In the past few months, the Company has been working with financial advisers and legal advisers to assess the Group’s situation and formulate debt restructuring plans to alleviate the current liquidity problem.

Country Garden said that the company is still working with financial consultants and legal consultants. The company also actively engaged in constructive dialogue with creditors, and accelerated the formulation of a restructuring plan agreed by all parties on the premise of respecting the existing legal status and legal repayment order of all creditors.

As of press time, Country Garden was HK$ 0.485 per share, up 1.04%.

Opinions on the implementation of quota management of local government debt
FB [2015] No.225

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning:

In order to further standardize the management of local government debt, give full play to the positive role of government debt in promoting economic and social development, and prevent and resolve financial risks, according to the budget law, the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Local Government Debt (Guo Fa [2014] No.43) and the relevant requirements of the State Council’s proposal on submitting for deliberation and approval of the local government debt limit in 2015, with the consent of the State Council, we hereby put forward the following implementation opinions on the management of local government debt limit:

First, strengthen the management of local government debt limit.

(1) Reasonably determine the total debt limit of local governments. The local government debt balance shall be subject to quota management. The annual local government debt limit is equal to the local government debt limit of the previous year plus the new debt limit of the current year (or minus the reduced debt limit of the current year), which is divided into general debt limit and special debt limit.

The total local government debt limit is determined by the State Council according to the national macroeconomic situation and other factors, and reported to the National People’s Congress for approval. In the implementation of the annual budget, if the new limit of local government debt needs to be adjusted under the following special circumstances, the State Council will submit it to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for approval: when the downward pressure on the economy is great and a proactive fiscal policy needs to be implemented, the new debt limit of the year will be appropriately expanded; When the economic situation improves and it is necessary to implement a prudent fiscal policy or a moderately tight fiscal policy, the new debt limit in the current year will be appropriately reduced or the debt limit will be reasonably reduced on the basis of the previous year’s debt limit.

(2) Distribute the debt limits of local governments by region step by step. The government debt limits of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be put forward by the Ministry of Finance within the total limit approved by the National People’s Congress or its Standing Committee, based on factors such as debt risk, financial situation and overall consideration of national macro-control policies and regional construction investment needs, and submitted to the State Council for approval before being issued to provincial financial departments.

The provincial financial department shall, in accordance with the quota issued by the Ministry of Finance, put forward suggestions on the debt arrangement of the local government, and prepare a budget adjustment plan, which shall be approved by the provincial government at the corresponding level; According to the debt risk, financial situation and other factors, and coordinating the local construction investment demand, the government debt limit of the province level and its cities and counties in the current year was put forward, and it was issued to the cities and counties after being approved by the provincial government. If it is really necessary for the municipal and county governments to borrow debts, they shall put forward plans for borrowing and using local government debts in the current year in accordance with the approved limits, include them in the budget adjustment plan, report them to the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress at the corresponding level for approval, report them to the provincial government for the record and borrow them on their behalf.

(3) Borrowing local government debts in strict accordance with the quota. The provincial finance department shall, within the approved local government debt limit, make overall consideration of the external debt lent by the central government, reasonably arrange the variety, structure, term and time of local government bonds, and do a good job in the issuance and payment of government bonds. The central and provincial financial departments report in writing the issuance and payment of local government bonds to the relevant special committees of the people’s congresses at the corresponding levels every six months. If the government debt needs to be included in the follow-up loans of projects under construction borrowed before the local government debt limit is issued in 2015, all localities will adjust their structures within the local government debt limit in 2015. In the future, the follow-up financing needs of projects under construction that need to be included in government debt will be considered as a whole when determining the annual new local government debt limit, and will be borrowed by issuing local government bonds according to law. The new contingent debts of local governments should be strictly limited to the scope of foreign debt lending guaranteed according to law, and bear relevant responsibilities according to the guarantee contract.

(4) Incorporate the classification of local government debts into budget management. Local governments should include all their government debts in the quota and classify them into budget management. Among them, the general debt is included in the general public budget management, and it is mainly repaid by the general public budget income. When the deficit cannot be reduced, the method of borrowing the new and returning the old can be adopted. Special debts are included in the budget management of government funds and repaid through corresponding government funds or special income; Government funds or special income are temporarily difficult to realize. If the land purchased and stored fails to be sold as planned, it can be returned by borrowing new and returning old, and the income will be returned after it is realized.

Two, establish and improve the local government debt risk prevention and control mechanism

(a) a comprehensive assessment and early warning of local government debt risks. Local governments at all levels should fully grasp the assets and liabilities, debt service, financial operation, etc., speed up the establishment of a comprehensive financial reporting system for the government, comprehensively assess the risk situation, track the risk changes, and effectively prevent risks. The central and provincial financial departments should strengthen the supervision of local government debt, timely analyze and evaluate the local government debt risk according to the debt rate, new debt rate, debt repayment rate, overdue debt rate, contingent debt compensation rate and other indicators, and conduct risk early warning for areas with high debt risk.

(2) Pay close attention to establishing a debt risk resolution and emergency response mechanism. The governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should take overall responsibility for the prevention and control of local government debt risks, establish an incentive and restraint mechanism for debt risk resolution, and comprehensively organize debt risk resolution and emergency response. Local governments at all levels included in the scope of risk early warning should formulate medium-and long-term debt risk mitigation plans and emergency response plans, strictly control the debt increase, and raise funds through multiple channels to digest existing debts by controlling the project scale, reducing expenditures, disposing of assets, and introducing social capital, so as to gradually reduce the debt risk. When it is difficult for city and county governments to repay their debts by themselves, they should start the debt risk emergency response plan and report it in time; The provincial government should strengthen the guidance on the emergency disposal of the debt risk of the city and county governments, and urge them to effectively resolve the debt risk to ensure that regional and systemic risks do not occur.

(3) Improve the local government debt supervision and assessment accountability mechanism. Local governments at all levels should take the initiative to accept the supervision of the people’s congresses at the corresponding levels and the society, and regularly disclose the government debt limit, borrowing, use and repayment to the society. Local governments should follow the principle of marketization and strengthen market constraints in borrowing. The audit department should strengthen the supervision of debt audit according to law, and the financial department should strengthen the monitoring of local governments’ illegal borrowing and debt risks. It is necessary to incorporate government debt management as a hard indicator into the performance appraisal and strengthen the assessment of leading cadres of local governments. The main person in charge of the local government should be the first responsible person, and earnestly do a good job in the prevention and control of government debt risks at the same level. If the local government fails to prevent and resolve the risk of government debt, it should be interviewed and informed, and if necessary, it can be ordered to reduce or suspend the borrowing of new debts. Where the local government illegally borrows or guarantees, it shall be ordered to make corrections, and the relevant personnel shall be held accountable in accordance with the provisions of the budget law.

Third, properly handle the stock debt

(a) earnestly fulfill the responsibility of government debt repayment. For the stock debts of local governments that are included in the budget management after screening, which belong to public welfare projects, the local governments will make overall arrangements for the repayment of budget funds including bond funds, and can dispose of government assets when necessary; Belong to the non-public welfare project debt, by borrowing debt departments and units by reducing budgetary expenditures and other measures to repay, temporarily difficult to reduce the available financial funds in advance, and in the future annual departmental and unit budgets deducted. Cancel the government financing function of financing platform companies, promote the market-oriented transformation and restructuring of financing platform companies with operating income and cash flow, and support them through measures such as government and social capital cooperation (PPP) and government purchase of services.

For the part of local government stock debt borrowed by non-government bonds such as bank loans, the provincial financial department will arrange to issue local government bonds for replacement within the limit after a transition period of about three years. In order to avoid the impact of local competition on the market, the Ministry of Finance will organize and coordinate according to the debt maturity and debt risk, and continue to work with the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and other relevant departments to conduct targeted underwriting and issuance of replacement bonds.

(2) Properly dispose of contingent liabilities according to law. The local government should properly handle the contingent debts that are responsible for the government’s guarantee or may be responsible for certain relief. For contingent debts that really need to be compensated according to law, the local government should incorporate the compensated funds into the budget management, and reserve the right of recourse to the original debt unit and relevant responsible parties according to law; Contingent debts that need to be converted into government debts due to changes in the nature of the original debt repayment funds due to changes in budget management methods shall be converted into government debts after being reported to the provincial government for approval without exceeding the limit; For the contingent debts guaranteed in violation of laws and regulations, the government, the debtor and the creditor shall negotiate together to revise the contract, clarify the responsibilities and terminate the guarantee relationship according to law. Local governments should reduce the quota space vacated by government debt balance through cooperation between government and social capital, and give priority to solving the above-mentioned contingent debt compensation or transformation problems.

All regions and departments should further unify their thinking and understanding, attach great importance to it, strictly implement the provisions of local government debt management, clarify the division of tasks and implement their work responsibilities in light of the actual situation of their regions and departments, actively study and solve new problems, sum up experiences and practices in a timely manner, strengthen the guidance of public opinion, give full play to the positive role of standardizing local government debt management in "stabilizing growth" and "preventing risks", and promote the implementation of various policies and measures in place.

the Ministry of Finance
December 21, 2015

Special feature of 1905 film network The romantic film "Single Men and Women 2" directed by Du Qifeng was released in China on November 11th. The Hong Kong director’s romantic films are not as widely praised as his action films. Many people think that he shoots action movies for art, while romantic movies are for money, which is also a kind of rest and adjustment between shooting different action movies. Perhaps because of this reason, there are countless analyses of his action films, and scholars and film critics.From theseMany viewpoints and techniques that belong to Du Qifeng are summed up in action movies, such as pessimistic attitude towards the world, wonderful action scenes, abstract composition of characters and so on. However, people have some disdain for his love movies.

In fact, in Du Qifeng’s romantic films, there is also an inherent view of love. If you analyze the story structure of these romantic films, you will find that they also maintain a high degree of consistency in narrative. This consistency shows that no matter what Du Sir’s motives are, they can still be regarded as "author films". Behind these films, there is also a unique soul hidden. Next, we will examine his love views in his representative works, such as Single Men and Women, Blind Detective, Slimming Men and Women, Lonely Men and Few Women, A-lang’s Story, Goodbye to A Lang, etc. Maybe you will find new fun from them.

What xiaobian brought today is. Come and see it quickly.

First of all, from the appearance, the front of Hongqi HQ9 PHEV has a unique shape and looks calm. Coupled with the rounded headlights, it is full of simplicity. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 5222MM*2005MM*1935MM, the car uses delicate lines, the car body gives a very delicate feeling, with large-size thick-walled tires, the shape is quite simple. Looking back, the overall shape of the red flag HQ9 PHEV tail echoes the front of the car, and the taillights present a cool design style, creating a good gas field.

Sitting in the car, the interior of Hongqi HQ9 PHEV adopts a simple shape, and the visual effect is quite unique. The steering wheel of the car is very simple in shape, equipped with functions such as manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, steering wheel heating, etc., and the grip is full and delicate. Take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a stylish and simple touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks solid. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and the seat again. The dashboard design is remarkable and the display effect is excellent. The car adopts leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of auxiliary seats and electric adjustment of seats with memory, which further improves the comfort of drivers and passengers.

Look at the configuration again. Hongqi HQ9 PHEV is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations.

This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality. If you are excited, you may wish to go offline and actually feel it.

1905 movie network news Unite as one, help Hubei!Yesterday, a number of medical teams consisting of nearly 6,000 people arrived in Wuhan on 41 charter flights.This is the day when Wuhan Airport has received the largest number of transportation support medical teams since the outbreak.Medical teams and epidemic prevention materials from all over the country landed in Wuhan around the clock.

　

These days, we have witnessed countless touching stories.This makes us understand that when we are struggling, we are even more tenacious; When the sea crosses, you will show your true colors as a hero.

　

In these moves, the two archetypal characters in the film, heroes, returned to Wuhan and used their own strengths to contribute to the fight against the epidemic.Maybe you still don’t know who those prototypes are.But you must remember Cheng Yong, the "drug god" who took risks for life-saving drugs in Dying to Survive;

And Liu Changjian, the hero captain in The Captain.

In fact, they are more admirable behind the image.

　

one

On the fifth day of Lunar New Year’s Eve, Lu Yong and Miss Liu from the Indian Institute of Yunnan University arrived at the airport, ready to fly to India.

　

Who’s Lu Yong?He is the owner of Wuxi Zhensheng Knitwear Co., Ltd. Occasionally, he began to help patients with chronic myeloid leukemia buy Indian imitation "Gleevec" anticancer drugs, and later, he helped thousands of people buy them one after another.He is also a student in Dying to Survive.Xú ZhēngCheng Yong, the "drug god" played.

　

On the day they arrived in India, they began to purchase materials.The first batch of 3000 goggles and N95 masks were purchased, and Lu Yong delivered them to the airport immediately.

On the same day, it caught up with the Indian ban, but when the Indian police heard that it was an emergency supply for Dr. China, they gave it a pass.

At ten o’clock that night, the materials arrived in Kunming, and Lu Yong immediately sent a Weibo to thank Shandong Airlines.

After that, there are the second and third batches … …However, since the Indian ban was officially implemented, he had to seek the help of a tour group at the airport.

　

He didn’t return to China on the return ticket scheduled for February 3.

Until now, Lu Yong is still working tirelessly to raise materials.

He has been running around for days, turning to major pharmacies, suppliers and manufacturers, and even forgetting to eat and take medicine.

Lu Yong is an ordinary China person, but he is concerned about the epidemic and is a "medicine god" in our hearts.

two

　

On February 2nd, the third batch of medical staff and materials from Sichuan Province assisted Hubei Medical Team to fly to Wuhan.Liu Chuanjian, the legendary "Captain China" in China’s civil aviation industry, is the captain of this transport mission.

　

Who is Liu Chuanjian?On May 14, 2018, the front windshield of Sichuan Airlines flight 3U8633 broke and fell off at an altitude of 10,000 meters.At a critical juncture, captain Liu Chuanjian led the crew to make a miraculous and safe landing in Chengdu, saving the lives of nearly 120 passengers and crew.

He was awarded the title of "China Civil Aviation Hero Captain", which is also the prototype of the hero of the film The Captain.

　

At that time, the circle of friends was screened by the heroic captain’s deeds, and Bona Film also adapted the matter into a screenplay at the first time.The movie The Captain was released on the National Day in 2019, and it earned over 2.9 billion box office.At the beginning, those feelings were still vivid, and now, the hero captain once again sat in the cockpit.

A strong man went out of Sichuan and rushed to Wuhan.

　

"Captain Liu volunteered to fly this transportation mission." According to the staff of Sichuan Airlines, many flights have been grounded recently, but the transportation guarantee flights are still flying.This is a mission with a mission. The flight carries 126 doctors and nurses from the departments of critical care medicine, respiratory medicine and imaging medicine, as well as a batch of medical materials. Liu Chuanjian took the initiative to escort them.

Yesterday, the sixth batch of Sichuan Province assisted the Hubei medical team to go out, and this flight was once again flown by Liu Chuanjian.On the plane, Liu Chuanjian wished the medical staff success in their work in the cabin, and led them to shout "Come on, China" and "Come on, Wuhan", and his colleagues were deeply moved.

When Liu Chuanjian’s flight arrived at Wuhan Tianhe International Airport smoothly, he sent out a WeChat: "Although all of them are wearing masks, their eyes are full of vigor to annihilate the virus, determination to control the epidemic, courage to be fearless in times of crisis, and tenderness to love the country and the people. This is the most beautiful retrograde person — — Medical staff from Sichuan to Wuhan. Pay tribute to them! "

In the movie, they are "drug gods" and captains.Now, they have once again connected the moving from movies to reality.This time, the hero returned again, looking for medical supplies across the country, and escorting a group of medical staff. ……

They are the flesh and blood of the motherland as much as we are, and they have taken pains to forge ahead in their own fields.They are the most lovely people.

　

Nowadays, everyone is working hard for China and cheering for Wuhan, believing that the dark hour will eventually pass.When the mountain flowers bloom, the city will surely show its joy again.

1905 movie network news Directed by Lu Yang and produced by Ning Hao, the film will be released nationwide on August 11. Recently, a new trailer has been exposed, and the plot of the film has begun to emerge. This time, it not only reveals the mysterious life of Yang Mi’s Hokusai, but also gives an important clue that she loves and kills Shen Lian, played by Zhang Zhen. Zhang Yi, Lei Jiayin, Xin Zhilei, Jin Shijie and many other powerful actors also appear in the acting skills. According to the audience who have seen the film first, the characters and stories in the finished film will be more complex and suspenseful.

The tension plot of "Embroidery Spring Knife · Shura Battlefield" has begun to emerge, Zhang Zhen and Yang Mi fall in love and kill each other

During the Shanghai Film Festival, the movie "Embroidery Spring Sword · Shura Battlefield" not only won the "Weibo Most Anticipated Martial Arts Film" award, but also was screened two months in advance as the opening film of "Jackie Chan Action Film Week", and successfully won the first round of good reputation, which made fans look forward to this story even more. Recently, the film also revealed a new trailer, giving the beginning of the mysterious plot.

The trailer opens with Hokusai, played by Yang Mi, telling a mysterious life story, and then the crisis of sentient beings in the troubled times of the late Ming Dynasty slowly unfolds. And the setting of Shen Lian, played by Zhang Zhen and the brocade-clothed guard, "love and enemy, love and kill each other" is also full of tension. The battlefield where people fall into the water and die in the film foreshadows the abuse index of this time. The fallen version of "One thought of Shura, training sincerity" is more problematic: love and hate, good and evil, war and love are only in one thought. All sentient beings experience the trials of this Shura field, and only then can they know that sincerity is a fetter and a way to live.

"Embroidery Spring Knife" series has become "ancient costume action movie training ground" and many powerful actors "Shura field" have good acting skills 　

All the characters in this trailer also appear. Zhang Zhen and the old actor Jin Shijie, who were shortlisted for the Golden Horse Award for Best Male Actor and Best Male Actor for their previous work, have made a strong return, and the new interpretation is looking forward to. The newly joined "Magnolia Award Shidi" Zhang Yi, the powerful actor Lei Jiayin, including Wang Qianyuan in the previous work, challenged the costume action movie for the first time but gave a surprise, making the "Embroidery Spring Knife" series a "costume action movie training ground" in the eyes of fans.

In that year, "Embroidery Spring Knife" appeared as a dark horse, and the word-of-mouth at the box office rebounded, and it won the Golden Horse Award. After three years of polishing, now "Embroidery Spring Knife · Shura Battlefield" has been fully upgraded and will reignite the summer season on August 11. The film is the first work of Bad Monkey Film’s "72 Change Film Plan", written by Chen Shu, Lu Yang and Yu Yang. The film is a special project to promote the development of Shanghai film. It brings together Zhang Zhen, Yang Mi, Zhang Yi, Lei Jiayin, Xin Zhilei, Jin Shijie, Liu Duanduan, Li Yuan, Wu Qiang, Wu Xiaoliang, Li Hongtao, Liu Fengchao, Yuan Wenkang, Ma He, Liu Tingzuo, Wang Renjun and other powerful lineups.

　　　 1905 movie network news　 On the afternoon of October 28, Lu Han posted a running photo on Weibo, saying, "This Friday, I’m tired of logging! Here I come~".

　　　　 In the photo, he was wearing a red shirt with a name tag on his back, and he was running fast. After seeing it, fans also left messages saying, "Wait and wait, looking forward to this Friday’s show", "We are so busy this week, we can see you all the time" and so on.