"Teaching is for not teaching", the famous saying of Mr. Ye Shengtao, has long been widely read. To achieve the goal of "not teaching", what to "teach" is a core issue.

It is only the most basic task of literacy teaching to complete the amount of literacy specified in each year. In a person’s long study life, there will always be unfamiliar words. What should I do at this time? Therefore, the textbook arrangement should not simply aim at the result of learning-knowing Chinese characters, but should pay more attention to "teaching people to fish" while "teaching people to fish".

The following are some "passwords" for improving students’ autonomous literacy, which are suggested by the unified textbooks. They are also the key points for teachers to use textbooks for teaching, but they must be kept away:

Password 1: Pinyin and Illustration

Pinyin is an important tool for students’ autonomous literacy in the initial stage when their literacy is insufficient.

Unified primary school Chinese textbooks accurately locate the learning function of pinyin, emphasize the tool value of pinyin, arrange Chinese pinyin in the first volume of grade one, arrange the learning content with the rule of pinyin learning as the main clue, and solve the problems in a short time. After that, teachers can lead students through after-class exercises and the column of "Use of Words and Expressions" in the Chinese Garden, and constantly review and consolidate them in the follow-up textbooks.

In order to enable students to master Pinyin firmly, from the first volume of the first grade to the first volume of the second grade, except for some special texts, all the textbooks adopt the method of full-text phonetic notation, while the aid system adopts the method of phonetic notation for difficult words to guide students to understand Chinese characters with Pinyin.

Illustration is also an important resource for students’ autonomous literacy. "Reading with the help of pictures in reading materials" is an important task in the teaching of low-level reading. Texts in the lower years of primary school Chinese textbooks are generally accompanied by vivid illustrations, and teachers can develop students’ reading ability and guide them to read independently through illustrations.

Teachers can make full use of a brand-new text form created by the textbook from the first volume of grade one-comic book text. The pictures and words in the text are closely matched, and there are two or three sentences under each picture, which is similar to common comic books. The text is no longer full-text phonetic notation, but only a few difficult words are phonetic notation. "Difficult words" refer to new words that are not required to be read and words that are required to be read but students cannot guess.

For example, in the lesson "Little Snail", students can’t guess the words "live, children", so they still help students to read by means of phonetic notation.

Comic book texts are no different from other full-text phonetic texts in terms of learning requirements: they are also responsible for reading and writing, reading the text, understanding the content of the text, and accumulating words and phrases. However, because it is only difficult to pronounce words, it increases the difficulty of learning, and students must rely on other clues to guess and read new words.

Through the study of comic books, students feel that they can learn to read independently with or without pinyin. There are many ways to learn to read independently, which lays the foundation for the development of students’ autonomous literacy ability in the future.

Password 2: the law of word formation of Chinese characters

In the face of unfamiliar words, the less external force a person uses, the stronger his literacy ability. For example, without consulting others, using pinyin, using context and life experience, and using reference books, we can guess the general meaning of the word only by its own word-formation characteristics, which should be the core and key ability of autonomous literacy. The law of word formation of Chinese characters is the basis of this ability. The more fully and deeply students know the law of word formation of Chinese characters, the stronger their ability of independent literacy.

The unified primary school Chinese textbooks pay special attention to the teaching of the knowledge of Chinese character formation rules, and teachers should emphasize this point in teaching. For example, the arrangement of literacy classes attaches importance to word literacy. For example, the first volume of grade one, Sun Moon Fire and Water, uses pictographs to read, and Sun Moon Ming uses knowing words to read; The second volume of grade one, Little Green Frog, Word Puzzle, Song of Animals and Children, On the Operating Field, and the first volume of grade two, Song of Trees, use pictophonetic characters to guide students to discover the word-formation rules of pictographic, knowing and pictophonetic Chinese characters, understand the organic relationship between their sounds, shapes and meanings, and feel the charm of Chinese characters.

In addition to the arrangement of literacy classes, we can constantly strengthen the rules of word formation of Chinese characters through the column "My Discovery", so that students’ understanding of Chinese characters can be improved from perceptual to rational, and a systematic understanding of the rules of word formation of Chinese characters can be formed.

On the basis of building students’ understanding of the rules of Chinese character formation, they can cooperate with the teaching materials and begin to actively guide students to read independently. For example, the exercise design of the second volume of the second grade "Chinese Garden 7".

It can be found that the textbooks deliberately present words that students don’t know, and guide students to mobilize their knowledge reserves and think about how to guess and read these unknown words. With the help of the word-formation rules of pictophonetic characters, students know that the meanings expressed by these words should be related to sound through the common radicals-the words beside the mouth, and the right half of these words are all words that students have learned, so they are likely to prompt the pronunciation of these words as phonetic radicals. According to this clue, students can guess not only the meaning but also the pronunciation of new words. Combined with sentences, they can also guess the specific context in which these words are used.

Another example is the arrangement of "Literacy Gas Station" in the second volume of "Chinese Garden Five" in grade two.

It is also an unknown word. In the above question, students can still judge the meaning of new words with the help of the law of word formation by the form and meaning.

In this way, in the face of unfamiliar characters, students can boldly guess and read with the help of basic knowledge of the rules of Chinese character formation. With the deepening of students’ understanding of the rules of Chinese character formation, their ability to read independently will be stronger. The sense of accomplishment brought by the successful experience in learning will further arouse their enthusiasm for literacy and enable them to read independently more actively.

Password 3: Context and Life

When it is difficult to guess the meaning of a word by its word-formation characteristics, it is also an important method to put the word or word in context or use life experience to understand it.

Lv Shuxiang, a famous linguist, believes that words should be embedded in the context to have life, easy to remember and know usage. Context provides many clues to understand this word and word. Teachers should attach importance to the use of teaching materials and guide students to understand the meaning of new words and words by using context. For example, Unit 3 of the second volume of Grade One and Unit 4 of the first volume of Grade Two take "understanding the meaning of words in context" as the language element of the unit, and let students learn this important method through the demonstration and guidance of their learning partners. For example, The Tree and the Magpie, the next volume of the first grade, requires students to understand the meaning of "loneliness" through the first paragraph of the text; The first volume of the second grade "Grape Valley" guides students to contact the above to understand the meaning of "colorful"; "Dayu Harnessing Water" guides students to guess the meaning of "flooding" by referring to statements such as "Flooding the fields and destroying the houses". Wait a minute.

In addition, we should also pay attention to guiding students to guess the meaning of words or words by using life experience. For example, the word "steep" in the first volume of the second grade "Huangshan Strange Stone" simply means that "the mountain slope is very large, straight up and down", which is difficult for the second grade students to understand. But if we start with students’ life experience, let them think about the mountains they have climbed, and arouse the images and emotional experiences related to steepness in students’ minds, students can have an epiphany and guess the general meaning of this new word.

In addition to the guidance of the text, teachers can also strengthen the awareness of understanding the meaning of words in connection with the context and life experience from the after-class exercises and the column "Use of Words and Expressions" in the Chinese garden, and guide students to use this method to guess and read new words and words continuously.

For example, the exercise design of the first volume of the second grade "Chinese Garden IV":

Using the rules of word formation of Chinese characters and guessing the meaning of words and words by using the context and life experience broadens the ways of students’ autonomous literacy, and students’ autonomous literacy ability can be further developed.

Password 4: reference book

Dictionaries are the most basic reference books for students. The unified Chinese textbooks for primary schools attach great importance to the use of reference books, and set up dictionary-looking columns in Chinese Garden III, the second volume of Grade One, and Chinese Garden II, the first volume of Grade Two, respectively, to guide students to learn to use word order search and radical search to find unknown words. The textbook not only introduces the search essentials of these two methods in detail, but also closely combines learning with application, guiding students to use dictionary search to find unfamiliar words and solve problems encountered in reading.

In order to make students skillfully use reference books, the textbook arranges consolidation exercises in dictionary lookup from many angles. For example, the dictionary practice of "who is the fastest" in the second volume of Chinese Garden V in Grade One aims to improve the speed of students looking up new words in the dictionary with phonetic order; The first volume of the second grade cultivates students’ consciousness of "when encountering unfamiliar words, guess first, and then check the dictionary for verification". For example, the exercise design of the lesson "Dayu Water Control".

In order to improve students’ ability to find new words by radical search, the textbook also carries out special exercises for some new words that are difficult to find.

For example, the first volume of the second grade "Chinese Garden 7" is about the search practice of independent characters.

Find out the following words by radical search and fill them in again.

Dictionaries are silent teachers. When students have the ability to look up dictionaries, literacy can enter a more autonomous and independent state, which is a leap in students’ autonomous literacy. At this point, the first volume of grade two arranges the text "Paper Boat and Kite" and "Wind Doll" without phonetic notation, guiding students to guess and read new words by using the methods they have learned comprehensively. For example, the exercise design of the lesson "Paper Boat and Kite".

Students can still guess and read the new words and words with "kite, squirrel, catch, wish you happiness, willingness and crying" by means of illustrations, context, existing life experience and the rules of word formation of pictophonetic characters. Different from the first grade, some new words that can’t be guessed with the help of existing knowledge and experience, such as the word "cry", can be recognized by students by looking up the dictionary. In other words, from this stage on, students have mastered a comprehensive method of autonomous literacy and formed a certain ability of autonomous literacy.

(The author of this article is JUNG WOO, senior editor of the primary school Chinese editing room of People’s Education Publishing House.)　

　　Xinhua News Agency, Dinia, Maria, Brazil, November 21st (Reporter Zhao Yan, Chen Weihua) In the northern Brazilian state of Tocantins, there is a small village named Maria Dinia, which was settled by slaves who escaped from slavery (Kirombo people). Now the villagers are all descendants of the "runaway slaves". Similar villages are usually located in dense forests or wilderness with inconvenient transportation, and people live in poverty.

　　However, since last year, with the official operation of a fruit processing factory, the life of women in Maria Dinia village has changed greatly. Malena, a villager, recently sat on a new sofa at home and told Xinhua News Agency about the change of his life.

　　"Life changes before and after work can be described from white water to red wine." Malena said, "I used to be a housewife, but I have a job since last year. Now, I have bought a sofa and a refrigerator with the money I earned, and I can buy a mobile phone without installment. The exterior wall of my house has also begun to be painted with cement. It can be said that my dreams have come true one by one. I also connected to the Internet at home, and I learned to contact business, purchase and sell online. " Malena kept talking while showing the reporter around his home.

　　On October 4th, 2022, in Dinia, Maria, Tocantins, Brazil, Malena, a worker of a fruit processing factory, used a newly bought computer at home. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Tiancong photo

　　The fruit processing factory where Malena works was sponsored by State Grid Brazil Holding Company of China, which belongs to a project of the company’s basic environmental protection plan. At present, there are 10 workers, 9 of whom are women.

　　Anne De Amorim, coordinator of State Grid’s environmental, social and corporate governance, told reporters that during the construction of the second phase of the power transmission and transformation project of Meilishan Hydropower Station, Brazil’s second largest hydropower station, because the transmission line passed near the village, the builders talked with the villagers and learned that there were a large number of fruit trees in the area, and the villagers wanted to build a fruit processing factory, but the local water quality was not good. Therefore, State Grid Batong decided to help the village drill two wells, which can not only provide high-quality water, but also build a fruit processing factory.

　　De Amorim said: "After hard work, we got the environmental protection permission to build the factory and incorporated it into the company’s basic environmental protection plan. We hope that through this project, the village can achieve sustainable development. "

　　On October 4, 2022, in Maria Dinia, Tocantins, Brazil, workers picked fruits. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Tiancong photo

　　In November 2018, State Grid Batong helped the village to complete the construction of the factory building. Since 2019, villagers have been trained from picking fruits to using machines. At the beginning of 2021, the factory obtained a business license and officially put into operation in August of the same year. The pulp produced by the factory comes from acerola cherry, mango, pineapple, passion fruit and other local fruits.

　　Graciela Paludo, a food engineer, is an expert contracted by State Grid Pakistan Control to teach local villagers how to make fruit pulp. She trained villagers in fresh fruit preservation, fruit processing, standardized packaging and shelf life control, and also helped them contact buyers.

　　"Although the road here is not easy and it will take a long time, it is all worth it." Paludo said, "Because I see that they are no longer dependent on their husbands and can support their families through labor. They are women, blacks, Keelung people, far away from the city, and almost forgotten by society, but now they have become the pillars of their families. I am proud of them."

　　On October 4, 2022, in Dinia, Maria, Tocantins, Brazil, food engineer Graciela Paludo (right) worked with workers. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Tiancong photo

　　The fruit processing factory produces "Keelung Orchard" brand fruit pulp. Brazil’s national supply company has signed a contract with the factory to make this brand of fruit pulp available for primary school students in public schools to drink during meals. In addition, the factory also signed contracts with some hotels and private institutions for supply. The average annual income of workers in fruit processing plants can reach 8,000 reais (about 11,000 yuan).

　　Due to the large temperature difference between day and night in the wooded grassland where Maria Dinia village is located, it is beneficial to sugar storage, and the fruit pulp tastes good, and the product market will open soon. When the order is large, it is necessary to buy fruits in the nearby market to supplement it. Therefore, Malena wants to plant some more fruit trees in his own land.

　　"I only thank China enterprises! We hope that the scale of the factory will become larger and larger, and the products will be sold farther and farther. I believe that as long as there is a desire, it will be realized through hard work. " Malena said. (Clip: Wang Yujue; Editor: Yang Aihua, He Mengshu, Jia Xiaohua, Shang Jing, Qian Yong Wen)

　　Produced by Xinhua News Agency International Department

　　Produced by Xinhua News Agency’s International Communication Integration Platform

　　Health and wellness committees, Party Committee Propaganda Department, Development and Reform Commission, Education Department (Education Committee, Education Bureau), Science and Technology Department (Bureau), Industry and Information Technology Department (Bureau), Civil Affairs Department (Bureau), Finance Department (Bureau), Human Resources and Social Security Department (Bureau), Ecological Environment Department (Bureau), Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Department (Bureau)

　　The National Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan (2021-2025) has been deliberated and adopted by the inter-ministerial joint meeting on occupational disease prevention and control, and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

　　National Health and Wellness Committee Propaganda Department of CPC Central Committee

　　Ministry of Education, National Development and Reform Commission

　　Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

　　Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Finance

　　Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security

　　Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Emergency Management Department

　　The State Council SASAC General Administration of Market Supervision

　　National medical insurance bureau national mine safety supervision bureau

　　All-China Federation of Trade Unions

　　December 7, 2021

　　National Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan (2021-2025)

　　In order to implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening occupational health work, according to the laws and regulations such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Law on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion in People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Outline of the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Long-term Goals in 2035, the Outline of Healthy China 2030 and the Healthy China Action (2019-2030), etc.

　　I. Current Situation and Problems of Occupational Health

　　Occupational health is an important foundation and part of the construction of a healthy China, which is related to the overall health and well-being of workers, economic development and social stability. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to occupational health work. Since the implementation of the National Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan (2016-2020), all regions, relevant departments and units have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on occupational disease prevention and control, implemented a series of decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on occupational health work, carried out the Healthy China Action in depth, vigorously promoted the attack on pneumoconiosis prevention and control, further strengthened the source control, and significantly enhanced the prevention and control service capacity. The monitoring scope of occupational diseases and hazardous factors has been gradually expanded, the level of rescue and work-related injury insurance has been continuously improved, the system of regulations and standards for occupational disease prevention and control has been continuously improved, and the occupational health rights and interests of workers have been further protected.

　　With the full implementation of the strategy of healthy China and the deepening of the construction of safe China, the protection of workers’ health is facing new situations and requirements: First, the hazards of old and new occupational diseases are increasingly intertwined, the prevention and control of occupational diseases and work-related diseases are more difficult, problems such as work stress and musculoskeletal diseases are prominent, and infectious diseases such as novel coronavirus bring new challenges to occupational health; Second, the population and fields of occupational health management and service are constantly expanding, and the contradiction between the growing occupational health needs of workers and the unbalanced development of occupational health work is prominent; Third, the support services and support capabilities for occupational disease prevention and control need to be strengthened urgently, the information construction of occupational health lags behind, occupational health professionals are lacking, and the ability of occupational health supervision and service support cannot meet the new requirements of high-quality development; Fourth, the occupational health foundation needs to be further consolidated. Some local governments’ regulatory responsibilities and employers’ main responsibilities are not implemented in place. The occupational health management foundation of small and medium-sized enterprises is weak. Some employers’ workplaces have serious hazards such as dust, chemical poisons and noise, and there are weak links in the protection of workers’ occupational health rights and interests.

　　Second, the overall requirements

　　(1) Guiding ideology.

　　Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, we will fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, carry out occupational health protection actions in depth, implement the five-word strategy of "prevention, treatment, management, education and construction", strengthen the four-party responsibility of the government, departments, employers and workers, further consolidate the foundation of occupational health work, and comprehensively improve the quality and level of occupational health work.

　　(2) Basic principles.

　　Adhere to prevention first and combine prevention with treatment. Strengthen the prevention and control of the source of occupational hazards, urge and guide employers to take measures such as engineering technology and management, and continuously improve working conditions in the workplace. Establish and improve the technical support system for occupational disease prevention and control, and improve the ability of engineering protection, monitoring and evaluation, diagnosis and treatment.

　　Insist on highlighting key points and accurately preventing and controlling them. Focus on industries with serious occupational hazards, deepen the attack on pneumoconiosis prevention and control, continue to promote the control of dust, chemical poisons, noise and radiation, strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of occupational diseases and hazard factors, and achieve accurate prevention and control.

　　Adhere to reform and innovation and make comprehensive policies. Deepen the prevention and control of statutory occupational diseases, carry out the prevention of work-related diseases, promote the health promotion of occupational groups, comprehensively use legal, administrative, economic, credit and other policy tools, improve the working mechanism, and provide a strong guarantee for occupational health work.

　　Adhere to prevention and control according to law and implement responsibilities. Improve occupational health laws, regulations and standards, strengthen the construction of supervision team, and enhance the ability of supervision and law enforcement. Implement local government leadership responsibility, departmental supervision responsibility, employer’s main responsibility and individual responsibility of workers, and work together to promote occupational health work.

　　(3) Planning objectives.

　　By 2025, the occupational health management system will be more perfect, the occupational disease hazards will be significantly improved, the working conditions in the workplace will be significantly improved, the management of labor employment and working hours will be further standardized, key occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis will be effectively controlled, the occupational health service capacity and security level will be continuously improved, the occupational health awareness of the whole society will be significantly enhanced, and the health level of workers will be further improved.

　　III. Main tasks

　　(1) Deepen source prevention and improve working conditions in the workplace.

　　Implement the new development concept, consider occupational health work in terms of industry planning, standards and norms, technological transformation, industrial transformation and upgrading, and assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to promote enterprises to improve their occupational health work level. Strengthen the main responsibility of the employer, and strictly implement the system of occupational disease hazard project declaration, "three simultaneities" of occupational disease protection facilities for construction projects, detection and evaluation of occupational disease hazard factors, occupational health examination and health training for workers. Focus on industries with serious occupational hazards such as dust, chemical poisons, noise and radiation, and continuously carry out monitoring and special treatment of occupational hazards. Establish an occupational health assistance mechanism for small and medium-sized enterprises, improve occupational disease protection facilities, and improve working conditions in workplaces. Strengthen the identification, evaluation, prevention and control of emerging hazards in professional activities, and carry out prevention and control work such as work stress and musculoskeletal system diseases.

　　(two) strict supervision and law enforcement, improve the efficiency of occupational health supervision.

　　Strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of the implementation of key systems such as the declaration of occupational disease hazard projects, the "three simultaneities" of occupational disease protection facilities for construction projects, the detection and evaluation of occupational disease hazards and occupational health examination. Establish and improve the supervision mechanism with "double randomness and one openness" as the basic means, promote classified supervision and law enforcement, and explore the establishment of supervision and law enforcement in internet plus, combining on-site law enforcement with off-site law enforcement, and combining departments with double random sampling. Standardize the employment of employers, and strengthen the supervision and management of labor contracts, working hours and industrial injury insurance. We will continue to carry out collective consultation and sign special collective contracts for labor safety and health in key industries, and urge employers and workers to earnestly perform their prevention and control responsibilities. Implement the requirements for the construction of a safe China, strengthen safety supervision in industrial, mining, trade, construction, nuclear and radiation industries, promote the prevention and control of occupational diseases as a whole, and urge and guide central enterprises to take the lead in implementing the responsibility for prevention and control of occupational diseases according to law. Relying on the national enterprise credit information publicity system, improve the bad credit record of occupational health and the disciplinary mechanism of dishonesty. Smooth channels for reporting complaints, encourage social supervision, and improve the efficiency of supervision and law enforcement. In accordance with the principle of matching regulatory tasks with regulatory forces, we will strengthen the construction of occupational health law enforcement teams and law enforcement assistants, equip them with necessary law enforcement equipment and means of transportation, increase training and improve their professional level.

　　(3) Strengthen treatment measures to improve the level of protection for patients with occupational diseases.

　　Strengthen the monitoring of occupational diseases and hazard factors, improve the monitoring policy and system, expand the monitoring scope, carry out risk assessment, and improve the early warning ability. According to the principle of "diagnosis in provinces and cities, treatment in provinces, cities and counties, and basic rehabilitation", we should establish and improve the network of occupational disease diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, establish and improve the basic database of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis, standardize the management of occupational disease diagnosis doctors, establish a team of occupational disease treatment experts, and increase the research and development of clinical diagnosis and treatment rehabilitation technologies and drugs. We will continue to implement the special action to expand the coverage of industrial injury insurance for key occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis, and include employees in key industries with serious occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis into the scope of industrial injury insurance according to law. Explore the establishment of a diversified financing security system for work-related diseases, gradually bring relevant occupational groups into the scope of protection, do a good job in the effective connection of relevant security systems, and do a good job in the corresponding security work according to regulations. Implement pneumoconiosis screening and follow-up, strengthen the rescue of pneumoconiosis patients, and promote the linkage of medical care, medical insurance and medicine. Implement territorial responsibility, carry out legal aid for pneumoconiosis patients who can’t clearly define the subject of responsibility, and implement policies such as medical treatment and life assistance according to regulations to reduce the medical and living burden of patients. The families of qualified occupational disease patients will be included in the minimum living guarantee in time, and those who encounter sudden, urgent and temporary basic living difficulties will be given temporary assistance in time according to regulations.

　　(four) to promote the construction of healthy enterprises, improve the health level of occupational groups.

　　Incorporate healthy enterprises into the overall deployment of healthy towns and villages in healthy cities and vigorously promote the construction of healthy enterprises. Encourage employers to establish and improve various rules and regulations related to workers’ health, build a clean, hygienic and green environment, popularize health knowledge, improve health services such as occupational health monitoring, prevention and control of infectious diseases and chronic diseases, and psychological health counseling, create a positive, harmonious and inclusive health culture, and build a number of healthy enterprises. Encourage mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, construction, transportation, environmental sanitation management and other industries, as well as medical and health care, schools and other units to take the lead in carrying out the evaluation activities of "occupational health experts", monitor and intervene the occupational health literacy of key populations, and effectively improve the health awareness and health literacy of workers.

　　(5) Strengthen personnel training and strengthen the construction of technical support system.

　　Strengthen the training of technical personnel such as occupational health testing and evaluation, engineering protection, diagnosis and treatment, and establish and improve the talent training and incentive mechanism. Establish an occupational health expert database, improve the working mechanism of experts and give full play to the role of experts. Encourage and support institutions of higher learning and vocational colleges to strengthen the professional construction of occupational health-related disciplines, incorporate the contents of occupational health education into relevant courses, and encourage clinical medicine majors to popularize occupational medical knowledge. Improve the technical support system for occupational disease prevention and control with occupational disease monitoring and evaluation, occupational disease hazard engineering protection and occupational disease diagnosis and treatment as the main body. Focusing on disease prevention and control institutions and occupational disease prevention institutes (institutes and centers), we will improve the technical support network for monitoring and risk assessment of occupational diseases and hazard factors at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels. Make full use of technical resources inside and outside the health system to build a "country — Industry (field) — Province "occupational disease hazard engineering protection technology support network. Give full play to the role of occupational disease specialized hospitals and general hospitals, and build a "national — Province — City "and extended to key counties, towns and towns of occupational disease diagnosis and treatment technology support network. Promote the construction of infrastructure, technical equipment, talent team and informatization of various technical support institutions at all levels, strengthen quality control and enhance technical support capabilities.

　　(six) to promote scientific and technological innovation and lead the healthy and high-quality development of occupation.

　　Promote the inclusion of key technologies and major projects of occupational health in national and local science and technology plans. Focusing on the prevention and treatment of key occupational diseases, musculoskeletal diseases and work stress, we will carry out cutting-edge basic research and research on key technologies of early screening, intervention, diagnosis and treatment and rehabilitation; Focusing on the engineering protection and treatment of occupational hazards, we will carry out research on key technologies and equipment for monitoring and protection of dust and toxic hazards and productive noise, research on key technologies and equipment for monitoring and early warning, prevention and control of occupational poisoning and emergency treatment, research on technologies and equipment for monitoring and prevention of radiation hazards, and research on key technologies and equipment for early accurate identification and rescue of large-scale nuclear and radiation accidents, forming a number of advanced technological achievements and promoting demonstration application and popularization. Promote the cooperation and co-construction of universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises and technical support institutions for occupational disease prevention and control, deepen the integration of Industry-University-Research, and break through the "bottleneck" of urgently needed technology as soon as possible. Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in occupational health, learn from advanced experience and technology, and improve the level of occupational health supervision and occupational disease prevention and control in China.

　　(seven) to promote information construction, improve the efficiency of occupational health management.

　　Incorporate occupational health informatization into the national health insurance informatization project, promote business integration and data integration, and realize cross-level, cross-regional and cross-departmental collaborative management and services. Improve the national integrated occupational health information management platform, fully integrate existing systems and data resources, and realize the interconnection of information such as occupational disease hazard project declaration, occupational disease and hazard factor monitoring, occupational health detection and evaluation, occupational health examination, occupational disease diagnosis and reporting, occupational health supervision and law enforcement, and emergency rescue. Strengthen information sharing with development and reform, industry and informatization, civil affairs, human resources and social security, ecological environment, housing and urban construction, emergency, taxation, market supervision, medical insurance and other departments, and promote the coordinated linkage of occupational health-related information. In accordance with the requirements of facilitating the people, benefiting enterprises and optimizing services, we will vigorously implement the "Occupational Health Service in internet plus". Standardize the management of occupational health information to ensure data security. Strengthen data statistics and analysis, and give full play to the role of data in occupational health supervision and decision-making.

　　(eight) to strengthen the education and training, and enhance the awareness of occupational health in the whole society.

　　Continue to carry out activities such as the Publicity Week of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, vigorously carry out occupational health education and health promotion activities, and create a cultural atmosphere of concern for occupational health in the whole society. Promote the integration of occupational health education into the national education system, organize activities such as introducing occupational health knowledge into enterprises, institutions and schools, popularize occupational health knowledge, and advocate healthy working methods. Promote the establishment of occupational health science knowledge base. Implement the occupational health training project, strengthen the training of the main person in charge and occupational health management personnel of the employer, and guide and urge the employer to do a good job in training all employees exposed to occupational hazards. Promote qualified areas or employers to build occupational health experience venues, and continuously improve the awareness rate of occupational health knowledge among key groups.

　　Fourth, safeguard measures

　　(1) Strengthen organizational leadership and compact work responsibilities.

　　All regions should incorporate occupational health work into the overall planning of national economic and social development and people’s livelihood projects in the region, and formulate and implement occupational disease prevention and control plans. Establish and improve the assessment system of occupational health objectives and responsibilities, and promote the inclusion of occupational health-related indicators in the assessment index system of local governments at all levels. Give full play to the role of the joint meeting mechanism of occupational disease prevention and control, implement the responsibilities of departments and units such as health, development and reform, education, science and technology, industry and information technology, civil affairs, finance, human resources and social security, ecological environment, housing and urban and rural construction, emergency, SASAC, market supervision, medical security, mine safety supervision, and Federation of trade unions, and strengthen joint prevention and control to form joint efforts.

　　(2) Improve laws and regulations and strengthen policy integration.

　　Improve the system of occupational health laws and regulations, promote the revision of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and the Classification and Catalogue of Occupational Diseases, promote the prevention of work-related diseases, and further strengthen the construction of occupational health and radiation health standards. All regions should promote the establishment and improvement of local laws and regulations on the prevention and control of occupational diseases in light of the actual situation, incorporate occupational health work into the deepening of medical reform and the national health security project, and make unified planning, unified deployment, coordinated promotion and implementation. Comprehensive use of financial, social security and other policy measures, through project approval, policy support, capital guarantee and rate floating, etc., to mobilize the enthusiasm of employers to do a good job in occupational health.

　　(three) do a good job of funding to ensure the completion of the task.

　　All regions should strengthen the protection of occupational health funds, establish a diversified fund-raising mechanism for prevention and treatment, and encourage and guide social capital to invest in the field of occupational disease prevention and treatment. It is necessary to strengthen the assessment of the use of funds, improve the efficiency of the use of funds, and ensure the smooth completion of major tasks and major projects as planned.

　　(4) Strengthen supervision and evaluation to ensure the implementation of the plan.

　　All regions should study and formulate plans for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in their own regions in combination with this plan, and define the objectives, main tasks and safeguard measures for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. The Office of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on Occupational Disease Prevention and Control will timely organize relevant member units to carry out special supervision on the implementation of the plan, and carry out mid-term and final assessment in 2023 and 2025 respectively to ensure that the planning objectives and tasks are completed on schedule.

　　Interpretation of National Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan (2021-2025)

　　The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period is the first five years for China to start a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March towards the goal of the second century. In accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on implementing the strategy of healthy China, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other members of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on Occupational Disease Prevention and Control (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") have studied and formulated the National Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan (2021-2025) according to the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Objectives in 2035, which was reviewed and approved by the plenary meeting of the joint conference.

　　I. Basic Framework and Main Considerations of the Plan

　　The Plan consists of four parts: current situation and problems of occupational health, general requirements, main tasks and safeguard measures.

　　The Plan summarizes the achievements of occupational disease prevention and control during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, which are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the action of tackling key problems in pneumoconiosis prevention and control has achieved remarkable results, the source control has been further strengthened, the prevention and control service capacity has been significantly enhanced, the monitoring scope of occupational diseases and hazardous factors has been gradually expanded, the level of rescue and work-related injury insurance has been continuously improved, the system of laws and standards for occupational disease prevention and control has been continuously improved, and the occupational health rights and interests of workers have been further guaranteed.

　　The Plan analyzes the situation faced by the prevention and control of occupational diseases during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the hazards of old and new occupational diseases are increasingly intertwined, and it is more difficult to prevent and control occupational diseases and work-related diseases; Second, the field of occupational health management and service for people has been expanding, and the contradiction of unbalanced development of occupational health work is prominent; Third, the ability of occupational health supervision, technical support and service guarantee has not fully adapted to the new requirements of high-quality development; Fourth, the supervision responsibility of some local governments and the main responsibility of employers are not in place, and the occupational health management foundation of small and medium-sized enterprises is weak.

　　The guiding ideology of "Planning" is: under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, carry out in-depth occupational health protection actions, implement the five-word strategy of "prevention, treatment, management, education and construction", strengthen the responsibilities of the government, departments, employers and individual workers, and further consolidate the foundation of occupational health work.

　　The Plan defines four basic principles, namely, insisting on prevention first and combining prevention with control; Insist on highlighting key points and accurately preventing and controlling them; Adhere to reform and innovation, comprehensive policy; Adhere to prevention and control according to law and implement responsibilities.

　　The goals set in the Plan are: by 2025, the occupational health governance system will be more perfect, the occupational disease hazards will be significantly improved, the working conditions in the workplace will be significantly improved, the management of labor employment and working hours will be further standardized, key occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis will be effectively controlled, the occupational health service capacity and security level will be continuously improved, the occupational health awareness of the whole society will be significantly enhanced, and the health level of workers will be further improved.

　　"Planning" defined 11 main indicators of occupational disease prevention and control during the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period. In terms of indicator setting, the indicators that have been completed in the 13 th Five-Year Plan period are no longer reflected in the 14 th Five-Year Plan period; Some indicators that need to be continuously promoted continue to be retained on the basis of fine-tuning; In order to reflect the new requirements of high-quality development for occupational health work, some new indicators are put forward; In order to link up with the relevant indicators of Health China Action, some indicators of occupational health protection action are also included in the planning indicators.

　　Second, the main tasks identified in the Plan

　　The "Planning" defined eight tasks and set up four columns.

　　First, deepen source prevention and improve working conditions in the workplace. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of the source of traditional occupational hazards by adjusting industrial policies, implementing the main responsibility of employers, and continuously monitoring occupational hazard factors and special treatment; On the other hand, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control occupational hazards such as work stress and musculoskeletal diseases.

　　The second is to strictly supervise law enforcement and improve the efficiency of occupational health supervision. Strengthen supervision and law enforcement, and seriously investigate and deal with illegal acts. Standardize the employment of employers, and strengthen the supervision and management of labor contracts, working hours and industrial injury insurance. Continue to carry out collective consultation and sign special collective contracts for labor safety and health in key industries, and urge employers and workers to earnestly perform their prevention and control responsibilities; Implement the requirements for the construction of a safe China, strengthen the supervision of industrial, mining, trade, construction, nuclear and radiation industries, and promote the prevention and control of occupational diseases as a whole. Strengthen the construction of grass-roots supervision team and improve the level of standardization and specialization.

　　The third is to strengthen treatment measures and improve the level of protection for patients with occupational diseases. Strengthen the monitoring of occupational diseases and hazard factors, improve the monitoring policy and system, expand the monitoring scope, carry out risk assessment, implement classified supervision, and improve the early warning ability. Relying on the existing medical and health institutions to improve the network of occupational disease diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation, and improve the ability of treatment and rehabilitation. Give play to the role of multiple insurance systems to reduce the medical burden of patients. Implement the rescue policy to ensure the basic livelihood of patients with occupational diseases.

　　The fourth is to promote the construction of healthy enterprises and improve the health level of professional people. Take the construction of "healthy enterprises" as an important part of the construction of healthy cities, vigorously promote the construction of healthy enterprises, and promote enterprises to fulfill relevant legal responsibilities and obligations such as occupational disease prevention and control according to law. Encourage mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials enterprises, medical and health institutions, schools, public security, transportation and other units to take the lead in carrying out "occupational health experts" assessment activities.

　　Fifth, strengthen personnel training and strengthen the construction of technical support system. Strengthen the training of professionals in occupational health testing and evaluation, engineering protection, diagnosis and treatment, and encourage and support universities and vocational colleges to strengthen the professional construction of occupational health-related disciplines. Improve the technical support system for occupational disease prevention and treatment and the technical support network for occupational disease diagnosis and treatment.

　　The sixth is to promote scientific and technological innovation and lead the healthy and high-quality development of occupations. Promote the inclusion of key technologies and major projects of occupational health in national and local science and technology plans, carry out frontier basic research, research on key protection technologies and equipment, and research on key technologies of diagnosis and treatment and rehabilitation, and form a number of advanced technological achievements and popularize them.

　　Seventh, promote information construction and improve the efficiency of occupational health management. Incorporate occupational health informatization into the national health insurance informatization project to realize cross-level, cross-regional and cross-departmental collaborative management and service. Build a national integrated occupational health information management platform and strengthen departmental information sharing.

　　Eighth, strengthen propaganda and education training to enhance the occupational health awareness of the whole society. Continue to carry out the publicity week of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, vigorously carry out occupational health education, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care about occupational health. Implement the occupational health training project, strengthen the training of the main person in charge of the employer, occupational health management personnel and workers exposed to occupational hazards, and enhance the awareness of self-protection and rights protection according to law.

　　In the main tasks of the Plan, four columns are set up, such as occupational health assistance action for small and medium-sized enterprises, construction of technical support system for occupational disease prevention and control, construction of national occupational health management information platform and occupational health science and technology innovation. These four columns are mainly set up to solve the shortcomings and weaknesses that restrict the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, and improve the service guarantee and scientific and technological support ability of occupational disease prevention and treatment.

　　III. Safeguard measures for the implementation of the Plan

　　In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the Plan, four safeguard measures were defined.

　　First, strengthen organizational leadership and compact work responsibilities. It puts forward clear requirements for the relevant departments of local governments at all levels and the member units of the joint meeting to do a good job in the implementation of the Plan.

　　The second is to improve laws and regulations and strengthen policy integration. Promote the revision of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, promote the establishment and improvement of local laws and regulations on the prevention and control of occupational diseases, and comprehensively apply policies and measures such as finance and social security to promote the prevention and control of occupational diseases.

　　The third is to do a good job in funding to ensure the completion of the task. All regions should strengthen the protection of occupational health funds, establish a diversified fund-raising mechanism for prevention and treatment, encourage and guide social capital to invest in the field of occupational disease prevention and treatment, strengthen the assessment of the use of funds, and improve the efficiency of fund use.

　　The fourth is to strengthen supervision and evaluation to ensure the implementation of the plan. The Office of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on Occupational Disease Prevention and Control will timely organize relevant member units to carry out special supervision on the implementation of the Plan, and conduct mid-term and final assessments in 2023 and 2025 respectively.

　　On May 14th, 2023, in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, students experienced negative emotional catharsis in the "holographic cabin". Vision china diagram

　　On May 15th, the Ministry of Education, together with relevant departments, held a national video conference on students’ mental health work, thoroughly implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and implemented the Special Action Plan for Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving Students’ Mental Health Work in the New Era (2023— 2025), deploy and further improve the mental health of students nationwide. Wang Jiayi, member of the Party Group and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Education, attended the meeting and delivered a speech.

　　The meeting pointed out that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to students’ mental health work, and the Supreme Leader General Secretary made a series of important instructions. We should earnestly improve our ideological understanding, with a sense of mission of being highly responsible for the future of the country and the nation, and a sense of responsibility of "always worrying", and closely combine the current situation and development trend of students’ mental health to comprehensively strengthen and improve the work of students’ mental health in the new era.

　　The meeting stressed that the special action plan should be implemented in depth in the spirit of drawing a blueprint to the end and nailing nails. The first is to ensure full coverage of health education. We should adhere to the educational concept of health first, strengthen the mental health education by moral education, wisdom, physical strength, beauty and labor, strengthen the teacher’s equipment and teacher training, achieve full-time, whole-process and all-round education, and realize the combination of education, education and education. The second is to strive for monitoring, early warning and early detection. Adhere to prevention first, move forward, regularly carry out students’ mental health assessment, and build a complete monitoring system for students’ mental health. Standardize the scale selection, monitoring implementation and application of results, strengthen data analysis and case study, and strengthen risk prediction and condition guarantee. The third is to promote the effectiveness of consulting services. Cooperate to build a community psychological service platform and support professional social workers and volunteers to carry out mental health services for children and adolescents. Construct regional psychological counseling centers for primary and secondary school students and standardize psychological counseling services. The fourth is to accurately intervene and dispose of the bottom line. Integrate the resources for the treatment of severe mental illness, strengthen the construction of mental medical resources, and smooth the way of collaborative treatment between doctors and schools. Improve the ability of class teachers, teachers and parents to identify psychological barriers, strengthen emergency psychological assistance, and effectively appease, guide and intervene. Fifth, strengthen aesthetic education, physical education and labor education. Implement aesthetic education infiltration action, and extensively carry out various forms and rich content of aesthetic education practice activities. Start a good physical education and health class, and support the full coverage and high-quality post-physical education class service. Enrich and expand the implementation ways of labor education, guide students to carry out housework within their ability,Harmonious parent-child relationship.

　　The meeting demanded that the organization and leadership should be strengthened, the joint efforts of departments should be condensed, the cooperation between home and school should be strengthened, publicity and guidance should be done well, assessment and evaluation should be strengthened, and the responsibility of work should be compacted step by step, and a hierarchical management system of students’ mental health with provincial overall planning, city as the center, county as the base and schools as the distribution point should be explored, and the working mechanism of students’ mental health with departmental cooperation, social mobilization and participation of the whole people should be improved.

　　Six units including Shanxi Provincial Department of Education, Fujian Provincial Department of Education, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, Peking University City and Beijing Wenhui Middle School exchanged experiences and practices in local and school mental health work. Responsible comrades of the National Health and Wellness Commission and relevant departments of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League informed the work. Responsible comrades from the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Central Propaganda Department, the Central Network Information Office and other departments and relevant departments of the Ministry of Education attended the meeting at the main venue. Responsible comrades of provincial education administrative departments, local party and government departments, universities directly under the Ministry of Education, and universities jointly established by the ministries and provinces attended the meeting at the sub-meeting venue.

Many people have heard of it.AuschwitzBut I don’t know the name of Auschwitz’s chief commander: Rudolf Hess.

However, if you search for the name "rudolf hess" on Baidu, you will see another Hess in Baidu Encyclopedia. He is also a major political figure in Nazi Germany-he served his sentence in the same prison as Hitler and finished Mein Kampf dictated by Hitler in prison. After the outbreak of World War II, he was appointed as the heir by Hitler.

　

Hitler’s successor rudolf hess.

As for Hess, who was in charge of Auschwitz concentration camp, it looked like this.

　

Commander rudolf hess of Auschwitz concentration camp.

At first glance, he looks kind and plain. Maybe you pass him in the street and don’t notice him at all. Because of the same name as Hitler’s successor Hess, his reputation was also covered up by the former. It is said that his entry was rejected by Baidu Encyclopedia for 137 times.

However, if you know a little about what he has done, you will not ignore this person. From May 1940 to November 1943, Hess, the commander of the concentration camp, killed more than one million Jews. In order to perfectly implement the "genocide" plan, he designed and built the first poisonous gas shower room for mass murder.

There are four such giant gas chambers in Auschwitz concentration camp, which can kill 12,000 people at a time if operated simultaneously. Whenever the train carrying Jews arrives, men who can do hard work will be chosen as coolies and stay. Other old, weak, sick or women and children will be tricked into "bathing". Thousands of people will be squeezed into a room of only 200 square meters, and Nazi guards will put the highly toxic "Zicron B" gas into it.

　

gas chamber

Whenever the gas chamber kills people, in order not to let others hear the cries inside, the Nazis play waltzes loudly outside to cover up the atrocities.But the waltz won’t last forever. On March 11th, 1946, Rudolph Hoss was arrested. Two months later, he was accused of murdering three million people; Almost a year later, he was hanged at the site of Auschwitz concentration camp.

Hess is undoubtedly a murderous maniac, but looking back on his life, it is hard to imagine that this man’s hands are covered with the blood of millions of lives. He came from a Catholic family and was strictly educated by his father since childhood. People who have seen him say that Hess looks like an ordinary person, like a grocery store owner. At the same time, Hess is also the father of five children, and reads the fairy tale "henschel and Gleiter" to his youngest daughter every night.

　

Rudolf hess and his family.

Why did the son of a devout man, the "best man in the world" in the eyes of his wife and children, finally become the most horrible killing machine in history?

German historian Daniel Schoenpflug is atThe Comet Age: 1918, When the World Restarted.The book focuses on the Nazi commander who was rejected by Baidu Encyclopedia for 137 times, and outlines how a person like Rudolf Hess went from hope to despair step by step and finally fell into the abyss of perdition.

It all started on November 11th, 1918, the day the First World War ended. At that time, Hess was only an 18-year-old German soldier. When the news of the defeat of the motherland came, what should he do?

　

Real shot of The Age of Comets

In the last days of the war, Rudolf H?? was also in Damascus, at least that’s what he said in his autobiography. This young German soldier is not yet 18 years old. He comes from Mannheim in Baden. His father is a strict Catholic and wants to train him as a clergyman. However, my father died in the second year of the war. The young man was out of control and lost interest in his studies. In order to leave home, he volunteered to join the army. This world war brought him to the promised land, which was influenced by Catholicism. In Palestine, a sacred land he knew through the Bible, Hess experienced a brutal war between the German Empire and its Turkish allies against the British Empire and its Arab allies.

When his troops met the enemy in the desert, Hess took up his gun for the first time and aimed at his opponents: the British, Arabs, Indians and New Zealanders.For the first time, he tasted the taste of life and death, and with the weapons in his hand, he could decide a person’s life and death.In the face of the first person who died under his gun, he dared not look directly at it. However, death soon became a common occurrence.

Hess felt like a duck to water in the hierarchical army, and he enjoyed the friendship of comrades-in-arms who fought with his teammates. "In particular, I trust my captain very much and am proud of him. The officer is like a father. This is a kind of intimate relationship from the heart, just like my father. "

　

In addition to the bloody war and the love of brothers in arms, Hess later recalled a special experience, which fundamentally shook his religious belief. On that occasion, German soldiers patrolling the Jordan Valley met a group of farmers pushing carts loaded with moss. The soldier turned the cart upside down to make sure there were no weapons smuggled to the British. Hess asked the farmers through an interpreter what the moss was for. He was told that they would be sent to Jerusalem. There, these gray-white mosses with obvious red spots will be sold to pilgrims as "Golgotha" mosses, who believe that they are stained with the blood of Jesus and will take them home as souvenirs.This practice of cheating money under the guise of religion made Hess deeply disgusted and began to alienate the Catholic Church.

Hess didn’t want to be trapped in Palestine and become a prisoner of war of the British. As an officer, he asked his subordinates if they were willing to follow him thousands of miles back. It is definitely forbidden for troops to act alone in the army, but all soldiers express their obedience to his leadership, even though many of them are obviously much older than him. It will be a long March full of adventure, and they will cross Anatolia, the Black Sea and the Balkans to Austria.

"Without a map, we can only rely on the geographical knowledge of middle schools, and the rations of mounts and soldiers are collected from local people." They finally returned to Germany successfully."No one expected us to come back alive."Along the way, they passed through a turbulent world: empires were overthrown one after another, socialist revolution broke out, and struggles for national independence and against colonial rule broke out. Hunger, epidemics and scarcity were everywhere they looked.

In February 1919, Rudolf Hess finally returned to Mannheim after months of arduous trekking. When he was still in the army, his mother died soon after his father. His mother left him a letter to remind him of his father’s wish to become a clergyman. When Hess got home, his uncle and other relatives who became his guardian urged him to report to the seminary at once. The home built by parents has been divided up by relatives, and the sisters have been sent to a nunnery school. "Now I really feel the pain of losing my mother. I have no home! Helpless, only myself. "

My uncle insisted that his father’s last wish must be fulfilled, otherwise he would not hand over his inheritance. But Hess had doubts about the work of the clergy during the war, and he would never give in to the will of his family. So he gave his share of the inheritance to his sister, and a notary recorded this decision. "I have the ability to survive alone in this world." Rudolph Hess soon went to the eastern part of the empire, where Lieutenant Gerhard Ro?bach set up a "Volunteer Machine Gun Company". At the beginning of 1919, this Freedom Corps belonged to the "Vorl?ufigen Reichswehr", which was responsible for defending the security of the eastern border of Germany. The soldiers of the Freedom Corps believed that Germany was defeated because it was betrayed. They only regarded the interim government as a transition, and continued to keep armed, waiting for the moment of revenge.

After joining the Freedom Corps in Rosbach, Hess’s problems seemed to be solved all at once: he now has a job and a salary, and he has an officer worthy of his admiration, a political belief almost as firm as religious belief, and a "home, a shelter built by mutual support among comrades." It’s strange that people like me who are withdrawn and have to face all their worries and troubles alone are always attracted by this brotherhood and this absolute trust relationship between people in times of trouble and crisis. "

　

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In the autumn of 1919, Rudolf Hess went to the Balkans with thousands of soldiers of Rosbach Freedom Corps. Although the Weimar government made it clear in October 1919 that supernumerary German troops were prohibited from participating in the war in the south of the Baltic Sea. Defense Minister Noske even threatened to shoot everyone who crossed the Balkan border. But the Freedom Corps ignored this order. They came to the eastern border of the empire and pointed machine guns at the border guards, so the latter saluted them and let them pass. This unauthorized action quickly disbanded the Rosbach Freedom Corps, and then it went underground.

In the Balkans, the Rosbach Freedom Corps joined the "West Russian Volunteer Army" composed of local German troops, Russian soldiers and remnants of the German Empire. They are fighting the newly established Lithuanian Republic and are going to suppress the Russian revolution. Hess remembered the atrocities committed against civilians in this war until the end of his life. Naturally, for him, these people are all enemies. "The degree of cruelty and ruthlessness is something I have never experienced in the world war and the subsequent wars of the Freedom Corps. There is almost no real front line, and there are enemies everywhere. Where there is fighting, there will be slaughter and even extinction. "Hess witnessed the fire engulfing houses and the residents being burned alive. The scene of scorched earth and dead bodies accompanied him all his life. "At that time, I could do such a thing while praying."

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On the evening of May 31, 1921, Rudolf Hess and his companions were going to Parchim in mecklenburg, northern Germany. These "Rosbach Group" people were drunk and full of anger. A few days ago, one of their companions, Alberto Schlageter, was executed by the French occupying forces in the Rhineland. He was accused of sabotage, especially explosion attacks. People in the Freedom Corps believe that they have found the guy who betrayed Schlageter to the French: Walter Cardo, a member of the "group". He was considered a spy because he was unpopular. These veterans despised the Weimar Republic and its army, and they believed that the new government, which followed suit in the French, would not be interested in the inside story of the Schlageter incident. Therefore, they will "use lynching according to German practice".

At that time, Cardo and some friends were drinking in a restaurant in Parchim. Hess and his companions thought that this was an excellent opportunity to send this disloyal comrade to the west. When they arrived at the restaurant, Cardo was already drunk on the sofa. Hess brought a revolver, while others wore knuckles and rubber sticks. They caught the drunk and threw him into their car. The car drove through the country road and entered the jungle. Cardo was pushed out of the car. He tried to run, but Hess shot him to stop. Then they started beating him up. Hess even broke a small tree and punched many heads with it.

Now, what about this bloody, half-dead guy? Should we wake him up and take him to the hospital? Hess had another idea. He instructed everyone to bury Cardo in the forest. Cardo was put in the trunk, covered with his cloak, and the car went deep into the forest. At the right place, his body was put on the ground, and several people cut his carotid artery with knives. While Cardo was still struggling, Rudolf Hess shot him in the head. They covered the body and cleaned the car. The next morning, they returned to the crime scene, buried the body under the forest and erased the traces of the crime at night. In his memoirs written during his detention after 1945, Hess still felt that his approach was right. He explained his reasons: "At that time, I was-and still am-convinced that this traitor deserved to die. Since it is impossible for a German court to try him, we will try him according to an unwritten law given by those of us who were born in difficult times. "

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Rudolph Hess, who was originally sentenced to 10 years in prison for murder, was released after only four years in prison. After he was released from prison, he made a living by working on a farm and rejoined the far-right organization. It was not until Hitler came to power in 1933 that his life took a turning point. Hess joined the SS and soon became a member of the Totenkopfverb?nden. He worked in different concentration camps and was appointed commander of Auschwitz concentration camp in 1940. As the camp commander, he was responsible for Auschwitz’s implementation of the "final solution" on the Jewish issue.It was under his orders that the gas chamber was established, and more than 1 million lives were taken with Zicron B gas, most of them Jews.

In 1946, Hess, who fled under a pseudonym after the war, was arrested and sent to Poland for trial. He was sentenced to death in Warsaw the next year. Two weeks after the verdict, in front of his former residence, the former concentration camp commander took a last look at Auschwitz and went to the gallows.

　

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At first glance, a man like Rudolf Hess doesn’t fit the image of a tightrope walker. However, he is also encouraged by a kind of passion, and boldly walks above the abyss of perdition:What haunted Hess was the charm of early totalitarianism and his first killing experience as a soldier. From his behavior, we can see how the false peace developed into dictatorship and war.

　

Paul Klee, Comet of Paris, 1918

One hundred years later, we still live in an uneasy reality. Since 1989, the whole world has experienced hope and crisis over and over again, and the bright and dark future versions go hand in hand. Many times, the reshuffled realistic reform failed, and the destructive and dangerous forces-autocratic government, populist movement, terrorism, new war and increasingly unscrupulous capitalism-appeared to be about to seize the whole world.

But as the brilliance of that moment in 1918 tells us, it is not predestined, let alone inevitable. Because in the final analysis, everything is always changing in history and life. Every state and every situation is temporary, just like in paul klee’s painting, a comet chases its tail in circles.

This article is selected from The Comet Age: 1918, When the World Restarted.

The Comet Age: 1918, When the World Restarted.

[Germany] By Daniel Schoenpflug

Translated by Jane Xinyi

New Classic Culture Wenhui Publishing House

　　

　　The text message received by Ms. Xu

　　Public Network Linyi August 1 ST(Reporter Wang YancaiRecently, many citizens called the public news hotline 3100789 to report that they were repeatedly asked by Linyi Longneng Property for the fees of the Yulong Bay Yuyuan Community in the form of a lawyer’s letter.

　　Ms. Xu, a citizen, told the public network reporter that she had sold a house in Linyi for seven years, but she was still repeatedly asked by Linyi Longneng Property for the fees of the Yulong Bay Yuyuan Community in the form of a lawyer’s letter. In 2011, Ms. Xu bought a house in the second phase of Yulong Bay Yuyuan Community, but when the real estate license was not issued, she resold the house and signed a contract. When the real estate license was issued, the house transfer procedures were completed.

　　On July 25th, Ms. Xu received a lawyer’s letter sent by SMS. There is also a link in the short message to remind Ms. Xu to click on the link and enter the viewing password to view online or call for enquiry. Because she was worried that it was a scam message, Ms. Xu didn’t open it.

　　

　　Lawyer’s letter received by Ms. Xu

　　On July 31, Ms. Xu received two identical reminder letters on SMS. "All three short messages start with 001, and the phone number sent each time is different, so I dare not click on the above website at all, for fear of fraudulent short messages. After all, there are too many fraudulent short messages now." Ms. Xu said.

　　Out of caution, Ms. Xu first went online to check whether there was any fraud information in this regard. After confirming that there was no, she called the phone in the text message to ask about it. It turned out that the other party was Beijing Shangde Law Firm, entrusted by Linyi Branch of Guangzhou Longneng City Operation Management Co., Ltd., and sent a lawyer’s letter to Ms. Xu.

　　According to the lawyer’s letter, Ms. Xu owes 389.77 yuan to the Yuyuan Community in Yilongwan, including 81 yuan for garbage removal and 216.05 yuan for water. Ms. Xu also told the reporter of the public network that after the house was sold, the property in the former Yuyuan Community of Yilongwan once called her to collect the property fee. At that time, she had told the property that the house had been sold. Now the property has been replaced by Linyi Longneng Property, and a lawyer has been entrusted to send her a lawyer’s letter.

　　"The house has been sold for six or seven years, and the cost is not what I owe." Ms. Xu said that the house was resold many times before and after, and she didn’t know who owed the property fee. Linyi Longneng Property sent a lawyer’s letter directly without confirming it to her. Ms. Xu expressed concern that "failure to fulfill the obligation of payment within the specified time limit will expose her dishonest behavior, which will affect the loan or financing".

　　In response to this matter, the public network reporter contacted Mr. Liang, the property manager of Linyi Longneng Property. Mr. Liang said that because the project of Yulong Bay Yuyuan Community has been withdrawn, the community no longer belongs to Longneng Property Management. Before the handover of the property, if the owner has historical arrears, he will make a reminder, so he entrusted a lawyer to send a lawyer’s letter. Mr. Liang also said that this matter will be implemented as soon as possible, during which Ms. Xu’s credit problem will not be affected, and Ms. Xu herself will be informed of the verification results in time.

　　

　　The text message Yu Xiansheng received.

　　Similar to Ms. Xu’s situation, Yu Xiansheng, the owner of Yilongwan Yuyuan Community, has recently received letters from lawyers from Longneng Property.

　　On July 27th, Yu Xiansheng received a lawyer’s letter from Linyi Branch of Guangzhou Longneng City Operation Management Co., Ltd. via SMS, asking him to settle the payment of 170.64 yuan before August 6th. On August 1st, Yu Xiansheng received two short messages one after another, which said that Yu Xiansheng had applied for a website reminder from August 6th, 2018 because she had not handled it.

　　According to Yu Xiansheng, in 2017, he paid a one-year property fee to Linyi Longneng Property in advance. Just two or three months after the payment, the community changed to a new property. To Yu Xiansheng’s anger, not only was the property fee of this year taken away by Linyi Longneng Property, but after leaving, Linyi Longneng Property also called him to inform him that there was still one month’s water fee unpaid.

　　Yu Xiansheng told the reporter of the public network that it was normal that the water fee was not paid, but as soon as he paid the property fee for one year in advance, Linyi Longneng Property left, and he didn’t hand over the received property fee to the new property before leaving, which led him to pay the property fee for another year.

　　"The water fee can be settled when Linyi Longneng Property leaves, but the property fee must also be settled when Linyi Longneng Property leaves, and all expenses must be handled clearly." Yu Xiansheng said that before paying the water fee, Longneng Property needs to give him a reasonable explanation.

　　In response to this matter, the public network reporter contacted Mr. Liang, the property manager of Linyi Longneng Property. After the call was connected, the other party did not reply. Subsequently, the public network reporter called Linyi Longneng Property Service Call Center, and the customer service staff told the public network reporter that Yilongwan Yuyuan Community did belong to Linyi Longneng Property Management before, but Longneng Property withdrew from the management of the community on March 12 this year. At that time, the company had sent the person in charge to do the handover work, and all the information was deleted one week after the withdrawal. At present, no contacts and information related to this situation can be found.

　　In view of the problems reflected by Yu Xiansheng, the customer service staff of Linyi Longneng Property suggested that Yu Xiansheng could find out the person in charge of handover at that time through the person in charge of Longneng Property, and then reflect the problems.

　　The public network reporter will continue to pay attention to this matter.

Cctv newsAccording to the Central Meteorological Observatory, at present, due to the influence of cold air, many places in northern China are experiencing strong winds, cooling and dusty weather. At the same time, cold air collides with warm and humid air, and there will be heavy rainfall in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Guangxi today. The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning of rainstorm and sandstorm this morning.

The Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue rainstorm warning this morning.It is estimated that there will be heavy rain in parts of southeastern Guizhou, south-central Hunan, most of Jiangxi, western Zhejiang, northwestern Fujian and northwestern Guangxi from day to night, among which there will be heavy rain (100 ~ 120 mm) in parts of northeastern Guangxi. Some of the above areas are accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall (the maximum hourly rainfall is 20 ~ 50 mm, and the local area can exceed 60 mm), and there are strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds. Tomorrow, the rainfall in the south will obviously weaken, and there will be moderate to heavy rain and local heavy rain in parts of Guangdong and Guangxi.

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a blue warning of sandstorms this morning.Affected by cold air and strong winds, there are sand-blowing or dusty weather in parts of southern Xinjiang, central and western Inner Mongolia, northern and eastern Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, northern Sichuan Basin, Shanxi, western Hebei, Henan, central and western Shandong, Hubei, northern Hunan, northern Anhui and northwestern Jiangsu from day to night, among which there are sandstorms in parts of southwestern Inner Mongolia, northeastern Gansu, central and northern Ningxia and northwestern Shaanxi. Tomorrow, the dusty weather in the above areas will gradually weaken.

The May Day holiday will be officially opened tomorrow, and it is expected that the weather in China will be more complicated in the middle and late period of the holiday. From the 1st to the 3rd, there will be a strong rainfall process accompanied by strong convective weather in the south. Affected by frequent cold air activities since the 2nd, the temperature in most areas north of Huanghuai dropped significantly, with precipitation in many places. Please pay attention to the latest forecast and early warning information, arrange the travel time reasonably, and avoid delaying the trip due to weather.

　　guide reading

　　This year’s G7 Summit was held in Hiroshima, Japan from May 19th to 21st. Although the G7 claimed that this summit was dedicated to maintaining the international order based on international law and strengthening its ties with the global south, the G7 countries led by the United States ignored China’s right to speak internationally and imposed sanctions on Russian and other countries by launching economic wars. This runs counter to the proposal put forward by G7 in the agenda of the summit, and cannot conceal its real purpose of maintaining hegemonic order.

　　Author: Daryl Guppy

　　（Daryl Guppy）

　　Australian representative of the silk road international chamber of commerce

　　Expert in technical analysis of international financial markets

　　This year’s Group of Seven (G7) Summit was held in Hiroshima, Japan, and the top agenda was still to maintain hegemonic order. Hiroshima was the first city to be destroyed by a nuclear weapon attack, and this meeting place was ironically combined with the changing focus of G7. The G7 was established mainly to promote common macroeconomic initiatives to deal with contemporary economic problems, but now it is poised to launch an economic war.

　　According to the official agenda, the purpose of the G7 Summit is to show the firm determination of the G7 to maintain the international order based on international law and resolutely oppose any attempt to unilaterally change the status quo. However, the G7 member countries neither accept the fact that the current economic situation has changed, nor admit that it can no longer prevent China, as the second largest economy, from having more say in the future evolution of the global order. How to adapt to this change and develop a multipolar system peacefully is a problem worthy of G7′ s attention.

　　Image source: China Daily

　　The agenda of the meeting includes showing G7′ s contribution to issues of concern to countries in the south of the world and strengthening ties with the latter. G7 claims to discuss the current development issues with the concepts of "human security" and "people-oriented". However, when the Chairman of the Supreme Leader put forward the global development initiative at the United Nations in 2021, it did not get the support of G7. In contrast, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization took the lead in expressing its support for this initiative, without imposing any ideological hegemony, and the agenda of this G7 summit is only a mockery of the SCO.

　　The agenda of the G7 Summit also reiterated the need to strengthen "free and open cooperation between China and Taiwan". However, the strong reaction of G7 member countries to the recent naval exercise in fully exposed their true purpose and double-standard nature: it seems unnatural for China to use international waters freely and openly, but the aggressive "freedom of navigation" exercise of G7 member countries is reasonable.

　　China is the second largest economy in the world, contributing more than 18% to the world economic growth, while the G7 summit excluded China. The seriousness and importance of such a meeting are hardly convincing. This isolation policy makes people wonder whether the G7 really reflects the global consensus based on the rule order.

　　Image source: China Daily

　　But in any case, this year’s G7 summit is still of great significance. The reason is that Japan, as the host of the summit, is trying to follow its example in World War I and transform the G7 into a military bloc similar to NATO by forming an alliance with the (former) European powers. This ambition of Japan is obvious, not only in its key agenda, but also in its invitation to eight non-G7 member countries, many of which want to restrict the development of China.

　　G7 has become an anti-China alliance, which weakens its legitimacy, but this does not mean that the voice of G7 can be ignored. If we want to correctly evaluate the series of decisions announced by the G7 Summit, we must treat it as a hegemonic tool, not as a partner.

　　Image source: China Daily

　　The United States proposes to expand sanctions against Russia and adopt a radical strategy to maintain the so-called "rules-based international order." Sanctions are a common weapon of the United States, which can cause large-scale economic damage and bring profound disasters to the people. Countries in the southern part of the world are very worried that the United States may continue to hold high the stick of sanctions, which will inevitably hinder the economic prosperity and development of the southern part of the world. This proposal is also quite different from the policy of "strengthening ties with the global south" advocated by G7.

　　Although the influence of the G7 summit is not as good as that of more representative international organizations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, it cannot be ignored. The afterglow of G7 may continue to exist for a long time, but the real global decision-making center has begun to shift to trade mechanisms such as RCEP and multilateral political organizations such as ASEAN, which all recognize China’s status and are supported by China.

　　The United States weaponized the dollar-denominated trade settlement system, which just promoted the "de-dollarization" of international trade.

　　As can be seen from the invitation list of G7 observer countries, G7 also recognizes the importance of inclusiveness — — This was a good thing, but when the G7 summit excluded China, it became a desperate gamble. The rules that most countries in the world want are formulated in a multipolar or multilateral context, not by the United States and its G7 allies. China has always advocated tolerance and cooperation, while the G7 has just done the opposite.

　　Image source: China Daily

　　The original title of this article is "Group of Seven Conducting Economic Warfare".

　　Editor | Song Ping Luan Ruiying

　　Edit | Zhao Zhang

　　Interns Alleycat, Li Jingwei, Qin Ke and Qiao Jingwen also contributed.

　　BEIJING, March 31 (Li Hongyu, Kong Qingling) On March 31, 35-year-old Prince Harry and his wife Megan will officially quit the British royal office and start a new role and life in the United States.

　　On the occasion of "fading out of the royal family", the future life of the Harry couple is still receiving much attention. The change of identity not only leads to the dispute about who should pay the security premium for the two people, but also makes the outside world curious about how they will achieve financial independence in the future.

　　Goodbye, Your Highness. Hello, Harry.

　　Mr. and Mrs. Harry officially retired from the royal office

　　"After months of deliberation, we decided to make a change this year and start an enterprising new role — — We decided to withdraw from the ranks of senior members of the royal family, strive to achieve economic independence, and continue to fully support the Queen. "

　　On January 8, 2020, Prince Harry and his wife Megan announced their decision to withdraw from the royal office on social media, which caused an uproar as soon as the news was released. The British people also created a new word "MEGXIT" for this purpose, echoing the British "Brexit" drama that lasted for several years.

　　Although Harry and Megan explained that the decision would be beneficial to their 8-month-old son Archie, the British royal family said that they were "hurt" and "deeply disappointed" because they did not consult any members of the royal family before the announcement.

　　A few days later, Queen Elizabeth II declared after an emergency meeting of members of the royal family that she supported Prince Harry’s decision to give up his senior membership and incidental responsibilities and start a "new life".

　　However, Buckingham Palace later announced that Harry and Megan will no longer use the title of "Your Highness", no longer perform royal duties, no longer receive public funds for performing royal duties, and no longer formally represent the Queen of England.

　　After the announcement at Buckingham Palace, Harry and Megan set March 31st as the date for their official resignation as senior members of the royal family.

　　Harry, who entered the countdown to "resignation", is also gradually adjusting his status. When he attended a public event in February, he asked people not to call him Prince, but just call him Harry.

　　From Britain to Canada, from finance to security.

　　How does Prince Harry start a new life?

　　Since Harry and his wife announced their resignation as senior members of the royal family, the outside world has been full of concern about their new life in the future. Where will they move to live? How to achieve financial independence? How to solve the security problem?

　　They once said that after resigning from the royal family, they would travel back and forth between Britain and North America. Megan also took her son to Canada first. However, the security cost of the couple when they live in Canada has caused great controversy.

　　Some security experts estimate that the annual security expenditure of Harry’s family may be between 10 million and 30 million dollars. Canadians are arguing endlessly about who should bear this huge security cost. Polls show that more than 70% of Canadians think that they should not be responsible for the safety and other expenses of the Harry couple.

　　The Canadian federal government also confirmed at the end of February that with the change of the identity of Harry and Megan, Canada will soon stop providing them with security.

　　In addition to security costs, how the Harry couple achieve financial independence has also attracted much attention. When they announced their "retirement from the royal family", they said that they would strive to become financially independent because they "value the ability to earn professional income". However, the details of their career plans are still unknown.

　　Next stop, America.

　　"We need each other more than ever."

　　Just when the outside world thought that Harry and Megan would live in Canada for a long time, they moved their family to Los Angeles, California, near Hollywood before the border between Canada and the United States was temporarily closed due to the epidemic.

　　At present, Harry and his wife are living in isolation according to local suggestions. Fox News quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that the couple are currently increasing their time alone as much as possible. They also issued a document saying, "This is an uncertain period. Now, we need each other more than ever. "

　　US President Trump posted on social media that he would not pay security fees for Harry and Megan. (Image taken from Trump social media)

　　With Harry’s family moving to Los Angeles, who will bear their security expenses in the United States has become a hot topic. On March 29, US President Trump said that the government would not pay for the security costs of the two. To this end, the couple’s spokesperson said that a privately funded security plan has been made.

　　Although the US government refuses to pay the security premium, this place may mean more opportunities for them. The Walt Disney Company of the United States confirmed that a documentary about elephants, narrated by Megan, will be broadcast on "Disney Nature" channel on April 3rd. It is said that this is Megan’s first job after she announced her resignation from the royal family.

　　From Britain to Canada and then to the United States; From the discharge of the royal duties to the first job; Starting today, Harry and Megan will officially open a new chapter in their future lives. (End)

[Editor’s note]As a cross-cultural global communication activity, writing and translation jointly determine the quality of overseas communication. On June 8th, the "Online Literature Overseas Communication Summit Forum" hosted by Yuewen Group and its overseas portal Webnovel was held in Singapore. Lin Tingfeng, editor-in-chief of Yuewen Group, and many writers, translators and editors of Yuewen attended the event to discuss the development direction of online literature overseas communication. It is worth mentioning that the online reading group has already jumped out of the local Chinese circle. Malaysian translator Insignia said at the meeting, "To my surprise, non-Chinese Malaysian residents are also reading novels in Webnovel, and this group is rapidly expanding, breaking the racial barriers, gender differences and geographical distances, so that everyone can share a novel and share a world. "This article is a speech made by CKtalon, a Singaporean translator, at the meeting. CKtalon is translating Zhenwu World, Flying Sword Asked and other works.

First, the status quo of overseas translation

Good afternoon, everyone. I’m Hongwen from Singapore, and I’m also CKtalon, the translator of Starting Point International. Today, I am here to share with you the overseas translation of China’s online literature.

First of all, what I want to share with you is the status quo of overseas translation. Since November 2015, I have been involved in the Chinese-English translation of the oriental fantasy "Zhenwu World", and later I have gradually tried different types such as city, Er Yuan and Xian Xia. Although I was not the first person to "eat crabs", I was fortunate enough to witness the process of China’s online writing going to sea. Different from domestic readers, China’s online text that overseas readers first came into contact with belongs to a second creation, that is, the version translated and edited by the translator according to the Chinese version of the novel. Mr. Yu Guangzhong, a famous contemporary translator, once said: Translation is a conditional creation. I quite agree with Mr. Yu’s point of view. In the process of transforming from one language to another, the translator needs to constantly overcome the personal uniqueness in his creation and approach the original infinitely. Translators need to understand what the original author is thinking and expressing through the original text. More importantly, what he is passing on to the readers.

In my opinion, the classification of translators is actually very similar to the system of cultivating immortals in China’s net. Nowadays, most web translators are still in the stage of building a foundation, that is, translating to readers word by word according to the original text. This kind of translation without merit can only make readers understand who is doing what.

Then the translator will tell the story better and more vividly. They will make readers understand the plot and increase the overall readability and fluency. Especially in the depiction of the characters’ mood, readers will feel the emotions of the characters at this moment through various methods such as capitalization, boldness, italics, punctuation and so on.

Yuan Ying-level translators will make up for the logical loopholes of the original author and narrate the original author’s incomplete meaning completely. However, due to the difficulty in grasping the scale, there are still few such high-level translators at present.

Of course, there are also a lot of practicing translators who have a large number of omissions, mistakes and even machine turns.

Therefore, at present, the translation level of the whole overseas online text is still uneven. At first, due to the lack of choices, readers were more tolerant of such works with poor translation level. However, with the increasing number of online novels in China, readers are constantly evolving. I believe that these practicing translators will eventually be eliminated by the market.

Second, the difficulties in China’s online translation

Secondly, it is the translation difficulty of China’s net text. As a translator with more than two years’ online translation experience, I have a deep understanding of the difficulties encountered in the translation process.

Translation is to let cultures communicate and understand each other. Therefore, the first difficulty lies in the interpretation of the words with China characteristics. It is not a simple matter to explain the meaning clearly and make the reader understand it. I still remember that when I first started translating Zhenwu World, the translation time of each chapter was nearly two hours. As an oriental fantasy novel, those levels of cultivation, idioms and common sayings are inevitable. I understand the meanings of those words that contain China culture, such as "Then", "Yuan Shen" and "Immortal", but I really don’t know how to translate them.

For this kind of vocabulary, I usually divide it into two parts: translation and explanation. First of all, translation is to find the most accurate English word. After all, translation is not a brand-new field, and I think it is undoubtedly a "shortcut" to absorb the wisdom of translators’ predecessors. Therefore, I will choose the most accurate and accepted word by looking for a lot of information and reading a lot of literature. It is undoubtedly not enough to find this word alone, so it needs to be explained to make readers better understand the story and cultural meaning behind this word. I think Starting Point International has done a good job on this point, and we can easily annotate a certain word or sentence in the translator’s backstage. When the front end is displayed, a small gray logo will appear on the right side of the word, and readers can click to see the complete explanation. This will not affect the reader’s reading experience, but also achieve the effect of explanation. Personally, I think this little function is great! In addition to pure text explanation, many translators will also use the combination of pictures and texts to make readers feel more interesting. For example: Tai Ji Chuan, there will be a video of grandpa playing Tai Chi; Sugar-coated haws will put a picture of sugar-coated haws. Of course, readers usually love and hate food photos.

The second difficulty in translation lies in the disunity of nouns. Many China online articles, especially male frequency books, usually have more than 1000 chapters in a book, so many authors will have the problem of writing before forgetting. Some names and places don’t match the previous ones. In the process of translation, the translator will have similar problems. The last time the place name was translated, the next time a new translation method was adopted. In order to avoid these confusions, our translators usually build a vocabulary while translating. The next time you translate this place name, you can find the previous translation method by searching.

For the whole site, I also helped the starting point international to establish a platform-wide vocabulary, which includes many translation methods of surgical words and proper nouns, thus effectively avoiding the problem of inconsistent translation of those surgical words between books and enhancing the reading experience of platform readers. At present, I have sorted out more than 700 translation methods of specialized words.

Third, the future research direction

Finally, I want to share with you our future research direction. Many difficulties in translation actually come down to cultural differences between different countries. In order to further eliminate these reading barriers caused by culture, the future research direction of Starting Point International will also shift to the localization of translation. We will aim at readers from different regions and countries, and through some reasonable adaptations and plot optimization, overseas readers can better understand China’s online texts.