[Speaker] Wang Jianxin, Professor and Vice President of China Jinggangshan Cadre College.
Sentiment of praising autumn in Mao Zedong’s poems.
[Main content]
First, Mo Dao is lonely every autumn.
Second, the Xiangjiang River north to Wanshan Autumn
Third, the autumn wind, Wan Li and Chongyang
Fourth, the image of autumn is full of pride.
[Full text of the lecture]
Dear netizens: Hello! I’m glad to join you in appreciating Mao Zedong’s poems. Today, I want to interpret the feelings of praising autumn in Mao Zedong’s poems.
In China’s traditional society, the vast majority of ancient poets associated their sadness with autumn scenery, where plants and trees were falling and everything was dying, and praised Liao Ruochen, an autumn poet. Mao Zedong’s autumn, however, is full of vigor and vitality, and there is no sadness or sadness. Only the great feelings embodied in the two works "Qinyuanchun Changsha" and "Picking Mulberry Seeds and Chongyang" are enough to eclipse the sad autumn words of the literati throughout the ages. He opposed the tragic tradition of literati mourning for autumn, raised the faint and lonely feelings of praising autumn in classical poetry, showed the vast and heroic artistic realm, and showed the open-minded and radical personality charm, which was a model of the kingdom of poetry.
First, Mo Dao is lonely every autumn.
In China’s ancient literature, "Sorrow for Autumn" is an everlasting theme. After thousands of years of development, evolution and accumulation, from unconsciousness to consciousness, from individual consciousness to group consciousness, the literary consciousness of "Sad Autumn" with unique characteristics of China traditional culture was finally formed.
Zhong Rong, a famous literary critic, made a wonderful exposition on the relationship between the four seasons and poetry in Poetry. "If it is a spring breeze, a spring bird, an autumn moon in Qiu Chan, a summer rain in Xia Yun, and a cold winter moon, all poets will feel the four seasons." The meaning of this passage is that different natural landscapes in four seasons can arouse people’s different feelings, which are shaped in poetry and explain the harmony and interaction between man and nature.
"The Book of Songs Xiaoya April" has "autumn is sad, and hundreds of flowers have flies"; "Nine Chapters of Songs of the South, Thoughts" has "the sadness of the autumn wind". In China’s classical literature, they can be regarded as the earliest poems describing autumn. However, Song Yu in the Warring States period can be regarded as the originator of the consciousness of "sorrowful autumn". His "Nine Debates" depicts the bleak, lonely and desolate autumn, which blends with the poet’s melancholy, frustration, sadness and anger, and the scenery description and lyricism complement each other. He wrote in "Nine Debates": "Sad autumn is also angry! The bleak grass and trees shake down and become weak. " He thus created a precedent for ancient China literati to grieve for autumn.
The second poem of Du Fu’s "Five Poems about Historical Monuments" says: ""Decay and decline": deep knowledge have I of Sung Yu’s grief, romantic and refined, he too is my teacher. Sadly looking across a thousand autumns, one shower of tears, melancholy in different epochs, not at the same time. " Since then, "Song Yubei" has become synonymous with the ancient literati’s sad autumn complex. In the Outline of the History of Chinese Literature, Lu Xun also affirmed Nine Debates: "Although it is not as good as Li Sao to relax one’s imagination, the feeling of sadness and resentment is really unique."
After Song Yu, there are countless poems and poems about autumn in ancient literary circles. For example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty’s "Autumn Wind Ci" "Autumn wind rises in Bai Yunfei, and the grass and trees fall in the yellow and the geese return to the south"; Cao Pi’s "Yan Ge Xing", "The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cool, and the vegetation is shaken and exposed as frost, and the group of Yan’s words return to the wild goose south"; Pan Yue’s "Autumn Xing Fu" and "Mourning of Autumn"; Wang Bo’s "Preface to Autumn Farewell" "It’s fascinating to be sad and sad, and autumn is angry!" Du Fu’s Ascending the Mountain, leaves are dropping down like the spray of a waterfall, while I watch the long river always rolling on. I have come three thousand miles away. Sad now with autumn "; Li Yi’s "Upper Ruzhou County Building", "Today’s mountain city is crying, and sadness is not only for sad autumn"; Qiu Jin’s masterpiece "Autumn wind and autumn rain worry people" and so on.
Poems with the theme of "Sad Autumn" often express the thoughts of traveling, the sorrow of old illness, the sorrow of leaving home and the pain of the country by using the specific images of autumn colors, autumn scenery, autumn sounds, autumn leaves and autumn wind, and there is a kind of sadness between the lines, which shows compassion for people and worries about the world.
However, in the ancient literary world, where the sad autumn complex dominated, there were by no means different voices and styles. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, wrote "Autumn Ci": "Since ancient times, autumn has been sad and lonely, and I say autumn is better than spring. When a crane in the clear sky rows on the clouds, it brings poetry to Bixiao. " In Song Dynasty, Han Qi’s "The Second Garden of the Double Ninth Festival" "Who said that autumn is not as good as spring, and it will be rehabilitated in Chongyang"; In Song Dynasty, Qin Guan’s "Idle Topics in Chuzhou" "Don’t boast that spring deceives autumn colors, and don’t believe that peach blossoms are better than chrysanthemums". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yang Wanli’s "Walking Late in Autumn" said: "Autumn is not inevitable, but it is pleasant to be cold. The green pool is all red, but the leaves still open the smallest money. " These poems are full of optimism and high subjective consciousness, and turn lamenting autumn into praising autumn scenery, showing optimistic and tenacious life character.
There is a phenomenon in Mao Zedong’s poems that deserves attention. Among the dozens of poems written by Mao Zedong, almost no one directly or indirectly describes spring, but many poems chant autumn or are written in autumn, such as Xijiang Moon Autumn Harvest Uprising written in the autumn of 1927; Xijiangyue Jinggangshan was written in the autumn of 1928; The Battle of Qingpingle and Jiang Gui was written in the autumn of 1929. Picking Mulberry Seeds and Chongyang was written in the autumn of 1929. The Five Laws of Holding General Dai Anlan was written in the autumn of 1942; The Seven Laws Recalling Chongqing Negotiation was written in the autumn of 1945. The Five Laws and Good News was written in the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1947. "Seven Laws and Comrade Zhou Shizhao" was written in the autumn of 1955; Qu Yuan was written in autumn of 1961. "Niannujiao Bird Question and Answer" was written in the autumn of 1965, and so on.
In Mao Zedong’s works, there is no feeling of sadness for autumn. His attitude towards autumn never blindly followed the mainstream consciousness of ancient literati, but praised autumn in a clear-cut manner like Liu Yuxi’s "I said autumn is better than spring". Mao Zedong is an all-powerful politician and a magnificent poet. He has different personality traits and an open mind. The image of "autumn" adds a strange style and charm to the poet Mao Zedong’s works, which is magnificent and fascinating.
Second, the Xiangjiang River north to Wanshan Autumn
In February 1925, Mao Zedong returned to Shaoshan with his wife and children to recuperate and led the peasant movement. He secretly organized more than 20 peasant associations and founded the Shaoshan branch of the Communist Party of China. On August 28th of the same year, Zhao Hengti, the governor of Hunan warlord, ordered Xiangtan County Regiment Defense Bureau to arrest Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong arrived in Changsha from Shaoshan overnight after receiving the news. In early September, he was ordered to go to Guangzhou to participate in the work of the National Government and the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang. On the eve of leaving Changsha, Mao Zedong revisited orange island. Passionate and poetic, he wrote the well-known "Qinyuanchun Changsha":
Qinyuan Spring, Changsha
Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang River north, orange island. Look at the mountains all over the place, and the layers of forests are all dyed; The river is full of water, and hundreds of people compete for the flow. The eagle strikes the sky, the fish is shallow, and all kinds of frost compete for freedom. Lonely, ask the vast earth, who is in charge of ups and downs?
Brought a hundred couples to travel. Recalling the past, the years are thick. Just a classmate and teenager, in full bloom; Scholar spirit, Fang Qiu. Pointing the way, inspiring words, dirt in Wan Huhou that year. Ever remember hitting the water in the middle stream, and the waves stopped the flying boat?
"Qinyuanchun Changsha" is a masterpiece of young Mao Zedong, and it is a magnificent poem about visiting the old place and watching autumn scenery, remembering the old classmates and thinking about the past, inspiring fighting spirit and expressing lofty sentiments. The greatest feature of this word is reflected in Shangque: in all Mao Zedong’s poems and even in all the written materials left by Mao Zedong, this passage is the most direct, concentrated and comprehensive, as well as the most vivid, wonderful and successful. This first word sweeps away the ancient literati’s sadness about autumn, writes about autumn scenery without lamenting, recalls the past without being disappointed, and closely blends scenery, events and feelings, making it magnificent and unique.
"Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang River goes north, orange island". The word "cold autumn" gives people a sense of chill and autumn wind, which not only points out the time when the author arrived in Changsha, but also implies the reality of warlord scuffle and social darkness at that time.
Mao Zedong used a variety of perspectives to watch autumn scenery. From a distance: "the mountains are all red, and the layers of forests are all dyed." The peaks of Yuelu Mountain stand tall and distinct, all of which seem to be dyed red. It is really "the frost leaves are redder than the February flowers". A closer look: "The river is full of water, and hundreds of people compete for the flow." Xiangjiang River in autumn can be described as "autumn waters grow together and the sky is the same color", such as green jade and transparent crystal. On the river, Qian Fan is full of vigor and vitality. Looking up: "Eagle hits the sky". Clear sky in Wan Li, crisp autumn, eagles flying freely. Overlooking: "Fish is fragrant and shallow", the Xiangjiang River is crystal clear, and the scenes in the sky are mapped into the water, which makes each other interesting. Fish swim in the water as if they were swimming in the sky.
Mao Zedong couldn’t help being enchanted by such a magnificent autumn scenery. The phrase "All kinds of frost compete for freedom" profoundly grasps the mystery of autumn scenery and reveals the philosophy of life. The word "melancholy" shows the profundity of Mao Zedong’s rational thinking. There are so many beautiful mountains and rivers, and the social reality is extremely dark. In the face of the vast sky and earth, Mao Zedong, in infinite disappointment, asked from the bottom of his heart, "Who is in charge of ups and downs in the vast earth?" .
On January 27, 1964, when Mao Zedong answered some questions about the English translation of Poems of Chairman Mao, he explained, "It’s a vast expanse of melancholy. Ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs?" Before the Northern Expedition, warlords ruled, and which class decided the fate of China? "On the surface, this is a question of nature, but in fact it is a severe challenge to real life and a strong denial of social reality. This cross-examination is full of profound feelings of "the rise and fall of the world, and every man is responsible", which embodies Mao Zedong’s deep worries about the future of the country, the fate of the nation and the sufferings of the people. This kind of inner experience transcends all the personal consciousness of fame and fortune and shows noble, pure and truly lofty beauty.
Third, the autumn wind, Wan Li and Chongyang
In June, 1929, the Seventh Party Congress of the Red Fourth Army was held in Longyan, Fujian. The meeting focused on the construction of base areas and the principles of army building. Due to serious differences of opinion, the problems were not well solved. Mao Zedong was severely punished by the party, and the secretary of the front committee was defeated. In July, Mao Zedong suffered from malaria again, and went to the rural areas of western Fujian to recuperate. In late September, Gongsijun occupied Shanghang, and immediately held the eighth party congress of Gongsijun. The front committee of Gongsijun asked Mao Zedong to attend the meeting, but Mao Zedong wrote back that the right and wrong within the party had not been resolved, and he was ill, so he did not attend. He was once again severely punished by the party. On October 10th, Mao Zedong arrived in Shanghang on a stretcher, but the meeting was over. On October 11th, it was the Double Ninth Festival. Mao Zedong, who was in adversity, wrote "Picking Mulberry Seeds and Chongyang":
Caisangzi Chongyang
Life is easy to get old, but it’s hard to get old. It’s Chongyang again today, but it doesn’t hurt to see the yellow flowers.
The annual autumn wind is not as strong as spring. It’s better than spring, and it’s like Wan Li frost on a vast river.
"Life is easy to get old, but it’s hard to get old." When Mao Zedong is in adversity, he can’t help feeling that life is short. People are near middle age, and the revolutionary cause is full of difficulties. As a revolutionist, he is ambitious and deeply feels that it is difficult to start a business.
"Years of Chongyang. Double Ninth Festival today ",there is the Double Ninth Festival every year, this year there is also the Double Ninth Festival, and now it is the Double Ninth Festival. However, this year’s Double Ninth Festival is very different from last year, and Mao Zedong has suffered a lot, just as Liu Xiyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "Every year, flowers are similar, and people are different."
"But it doesn’t hurt to look at the yellow flowers", this poem has been changed many times, "The yellow flowers in the wild don’t hurt" and "The yellow flowers on the earth are fragrant". In May 1962, People’s Literature magazine published Six Poems by Chairman Mao, among which Picking Mulberry Seeds and Chongyang was one of them. Mao Zedong finally changed it to "yellow flowers in the battlefield are particularly fragrant", which shows that the poet sublimated the realm step by step. "But it doesn’t hurt to look at the yellow flowers" is not as lofty as the final sentence, but it can better reflect Mao Zedong’s real mentality at that time.
If we carefully taste these seven words, at least we can feel that Mao Zedong’s mood is still stable in adversity, or that he is trying to make psychological adjustment to keep himself calm. "Yellow flowers" are chrysanthemums, and climbing to see chrysanthemums is the custom of the Double Ninth Festival. The autumn wind is bleak, after all, there are chrysanthemums blooming brightly. Watching chrysanthemums has relieved Mao Zedong’s original depressed mood, as the Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Zhen said in Chrysanthemum: "It’s not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but this flower is even more barren."
Shu Tong, a famous calligrapher, once recalled: In the spring of 1932, just after the battle of Zhangzhou, Mao Zedong walked with him on the battlefield with bullet marks and picked up a shell casing, gently saying, "The battlefield is yellow!" This story is helpful for us to better understand Mao Zedong’s rich feelings when he climbed the mountain to enjoy chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival in 1929. Speculating Mao Zedong’s heart, he may think that although his comrades still don’t fully understand and agree with his thoughts, ideas and lines, he firmly believes that practice will prove him correct, and there is no need for sadness and melancholy. So, Mao Zedong is somewhat confident and optimistic. It is really commendable to have such a mentality in adversity.
If Shangque also contains some depression and lament in adversity, then Xiaque is completely sunny and open-minded. Filled with a broad-minded mind.
"The annual autumn wind is strong". Although the spring breeze is soft and warm, it can only "wrinkle a pool of spring water". However, the autumn wind is fierce and has great power to clean up the dust. The word "Jin" describes the strong personality of autumn, and also reveals the poet’s pursuit of life and value orientation, and is filled with the fighting passion of "Let the storm come more violently".
Not like spring, but better than spring. Autumn is a season with dual characters, one is maturity and harvest, the other is depression and decline. If you take the former, you will be full of ambition; Taking the latter is bleak and sad. Sadness in autumn is the mainstream consciousness of the vast majority of ancient literati. If Mao Zedong, who is in adversity at this time, writes one or more poems with a sad autumn style, it seems understandable. However, Mao Zedong, who has reason to grieve for autumn, did not follow the crowd, but with yet I feel the harmonious heart-beat of the Sacred Unicorn, an ancient poet who praised autumn. It is similar to Liu Yuxi’s "I say autumn is better than spring", which is a clear-cut praise for autumn.
"Not like spring, but better than spring" may be understood from another angle. According to the laws of nature, autumn is followed by severe winter, and the poet skips this harsh season. Logically speaking, it is more intense and optimistic than Shelley’s poem "If winter comes, can spring be far behind?"
"Wan Li Frost on a Broad River" is a concrete interpretation of "Better than Spring". Jiang Tian is vast and the scene is grand, which shows that Mao Zedong has a broad vision and an open mind. The word "Frost" in "Wan Li Frost" is not the "Frost" in "Everyone cleans the snow in front of the door, but the" Frost leaves are red in February flowers ". "Wan Li Frost" is actually "Wan Li Autumn".
The manuscript of this word is the first, first describing the grandeur of autumn and the vastness of the river, and then realizing the shortness of life and the infinity of the universe. When Mao Zedong revised it later, the positions of the upper and lower two shovel were interchanged. After adopting this "shifting method", the original depressed mood between the lines has dropped sharply, first suppressed and then raised, and the realm has become more open, which makes people feel endless vitality.
In this poem, Mao Zedong wrote a magnificent ode to revolutionary life with his unique mind, verve and artistic vision. In the face of adversity, Mao Zedong had gloomy thoughts, but he didn’t see any complaints and lamentations about complaining about others, being indignant and depressed. What he presented to the world was a healthy, positive, sunny, open-minded, optimistic, self-confident, high-spirited and enterprising life pursuit and free and easy mentality.
Fourth, the image of autumn is full of pride.
In addition to "Qinyuanchun Changsha" and "Picking Mulberry, Chongyang", there are many poems in Mao Zedong’s poems that contain autumn images. Analyzing these poems will help us better understand and know Mao Zedong’s attitude towards autumn. Obviously, Mao Zedong’s attitude towards autumn, autumn scenery, autumn colors and autumn wind is consistent, either different from the ancient people’s sorrowful autumn or higher than the ancient people’s ode to autumn, which embodies the poet Mao Zedong’s broad mind, heroic personality, open-minded attitude, will to struggle or optimistic spirit. Let’s analyze these poems scattered in different works one by one.
1. The autumn harvest season is gloomy.
"Clouds are sad at dusk in autumn harvest season" comes from Xijiang Moon Autumn Harvest Uprising in autumn of 1927, which means that the clouds in the evening are sad. The "sorrow" in the "twilight cloud sorrow" is not the "sorrow" of Mao Zedong’s personal feelings, let alone the "sorrow" written by ancient poets, but the "sorrow" of the broad masses of peasant brothers. Autumn harvest season is the harvest season for farmers, and it is also the season for landlords to urge farmers to pay grain and rent. It is precisely because of the "heavy oppression by landlords" that there is a "thunderbolt riot", which is "where there is oppression, there is resistance" Therefore, the image of autumn in "the autumn harvest season is gloomy" is the inducement to urge the peasants to join the revolution and rise up and fight, and it is also the social reality that Mao Zedong is determined to completely change.
2. The sky is high and the clouds are light
"The sky is high and the clouds are light" is a poem in Qingpingle Liupanshan in October 1935. Liupanshan is the last high mountain that the Red Army crossed in the Long March. "The sky is high and the clouds are light" is the beginning of the whole word. It’s crisp in autumn and clear in Wan Li. Occasionally, a few light clouds pass lightly. On such a dry autumn day, Mao Zedong climbed the main peak of Liupan Mountain and looked far away. How could he not have mixed feelings and lofty sentiments? A few words make people’s eyes open and relaxed. The autumn scenery of "the sky is high and the clouds are pale" fully expresses the carefree mood of "another village" after the Red Army got rid of the enemy’s siege.
3, the autumn wind on the river
"Autumn winds crossing the river" is a poem in the Five Laws of Happy News written by him in the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1947. It is a sentimental work after learning the news of the great victory in Panlong Town:
Five laws and good news
Walking on the Mid-Autumn Canal, I heard that the Northwest Field Army had recovered Panlong’s works.
Autumn winds cross the river, and wild fields enter the sky.
Good orders come with people, and the bright moon is beside the clouds.
There is no sound in my hometown, but my wife and children have no letters.
Man Yu frequently looks up, and the song is played in the border town.
"The autumn wind crosses the river, and the wild fields enter the sky". The poet began to describe the magnificent scenery of the Mid-Autumn Festival. First, he mentioned the autumn wind, and the "degree" seemed leisurely. The autumn wind came calmly from the river, and Mao Zedong strolled along the river, carefree. Yuan Ye is boundless, and heaven and earth are integrated into one. It coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival, and "I miss my loved ones twice during the festive season" will naturally arouse Mao Zedong’s feelings of missing my loved ones. Not to mention "after the war-fires of three months, one message from home is worth a ton of gold"? "There is no news in my hometown, but my wife and children have no letters", which reflects an ordinary mentality of Mao Zedong. However, the "triumph over the border town" makes this Mid-Autumn Festival unusual, and Mao Zedong is in a good mood and happy. In the face of such a warm "autumn wind", it is natural to praise autumn from the heart.
4, bleak autumn wind is again, changed the world.
"The bleak autumn wind has changed the world again" is a poem in Langtaosha Beidaihe in 1954. "The past is more than a thousand years, and Wei Wu wields a whip, and Jieshi has a legacy in the east." Mao Zedong recalled Cao Cao’s literary martial arts. "Bleak autumn wind" comes from the "bleak autumn wind" in "Looking at the Sea" in Cao Cao’s "Walking out of Xiamen", which was adjusted according to the requirements of poetry leveling. Cao Cao truly described the scenery of the sea near Jieshi Mountain, although it was also very bold, but after all, "bleak autumn wind" is a description of the real scene, which contains a bit of desolation.
Mao Zedong didn’t actually write autumn scenery, because Mao Zedong swam and wrote lyrics in the midsummer of 1954, and "bleak autumn wind" only borrowed Cao Cao’s sentence, especially the latter sentence "changed the world". Mao Zedong’s conception was obviously different from that of Cao Cao. Two people are in different times and different societies. Even though the external expression of "bleak autumn wind" and "bleak autumn wind" are the same, the internal implication is quite different. In Mao Zedong’s works, "bleak autumn wind" has no trace of sadness. Under the leadership of the Communist Party, the people of China have changed the world, and the social development is changing with each passing day. How could Cao Cao possibly feel this kind of heroism and agitation?
5. The song of Jiannan meets the autumn wind.
"Song of Jian Nan meets songs of autumn wind", which comes from "Two Four-line Poems in Memory of Lu Xun’s Eighty Birthday" written in September, 1961 (Part II);
Jianhu went to the hometown of celebrities in Taiwan, and the sorrow was heartbroken for the country.
The song of Jiannan is followed by the autumn wind, and one case is immersed in the poetry bag.
Regarding "Song of Jiannan meets the song of autumn wind", the Collection of Mao Zedong’s Poems published by Central Literature Publishing House explains: "Song of Jiannan refers to the poems collected by Lu You’s poetry collection" Jiannan Poetry Draft ". Autumn wind songs refer to Qiu Jin’s poem "Autumn Wind Songs" and the only confession that he wrote before being killed by the Qing government: "Autumn wind and autumn rain are very sad". Pick up the autumn wind and sing with it. " This explanation may not be accurate. It only talks about Lu You and Qiu Jin’s works, but not Lu Xun’s poems about autumn.
If it has nothing to do with Lu Xun’s works, how can we commemorate Lu Xun’s birthday? As a matter of fact, Lu Xun also has works of chanting autumn, such as "Feeling on an Autumn Night" written in 1934, and "My Occasional Works on Autumn in the Year of Hai" written in 1935.
The occasional work of the last autumn in the sea
Lu Xun
I was shocked by the autumn,
Dare to send the spring temperature to the pen.
The sea of dust is boundless and heavy,
The golden wind is bleak and takes thousands of officials.
The old man returned to osawa,
Dreams fall into the air, and the teeth are cold.
I heard that the wild chicken was lonely,
It seems that the stars are dying.
Mao Zedong is very appreciative of Lu Xun’s My Accidental Works in the Year of the Sea. In September 1959, Khrushchev visited the United States, ignoring the United States’ attempt to dominate the world, boasting that his meeting with American President Eisenhower would help end the "Cold War." Mao Zedong despised Khrushchev’s loss of principle. In December 1959, he rewrote Lu Xun’s My Accidental Works of the Year of the Sea and the Autumn, exposing and satirizing Khrushchev.
Seven Laws: Changing Lu Xun’s Poem "My Accidental Works in the Year of the Sea and Autumn"
Zeng Jingqiu came to the world,
I sent the spring temperature to the tongue.
The sea of dust is boundless and heavy,
The golden wind is bleak and takes high officials.
I like to climb flying wings and keep warm.
Bitter falling clouds are half cold.
It’s a great achievement to listen and brag,
It seems that the enemy’s flame is dying.
It can be asserted that the "autumn wind songs" in "Song of Jiannan meets the autumn wind songs" includes both Qiu Jin’s poems about autumn and Lu Xun’s poems about autumn. In any case, the "autumn wind songs" here are not poems describing autumn scenery, but refer to Qiu Jin and Lu Xun’s works of chanting autumn, which naturally does not include autumn images in a strict sense. Mao Zedong may not feel the autumn sadness like Lu You, Qiu Jin and Lu Xun, but he is very appreciative of the patriotic thought of "worrying about the country and heartbroken" expressed in their works.
As a great proletarian revolutionist and politician, Mao Zedong stood at the peak of the times. With his broad mind and heroic personality, he used high-spirited poetic language to create an unparalleled artistic conception of chanting autumn, which is thought-provoking, inspiring and has endless aesthetic charm.
